social Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
describe 2 differences among these 3 f/n groups
A
connections to land, called land mother earth, and thought if you took care of mother earth she’d give, different houses
2
Q
how did haudenosaunee chose their leaders ?
A
as farmers, chose their leaders based on their ability to put the welfare of land and community first
3
Q
what was the main reason for early european interest in exploring north america
A
to find a route to asia
4
Q
what do we mean when we say the early europeans explored based on an economic factor
A
they were looking for wealth and economy
5
Q
describe new france during the time that champlain explored north america
A
new france was mainly a colony whose economy was based on fur trades
6
Q
settlement
A
a place where ppl live permanently such as a village. also refers to people moving and starting new farms
7
Q
which fn group lived in the area now known as newfoundland
A
beothuk
8
Q
describe the relationship between the settlers and this fn group
A
not a friendly relationship
9
Q
what happened to the beothuk
A
they got wiped out
10
Q
what is imperialism and colonization
A
when a powerful country conquers and claims new land for their homeland
11
Q
name the way the mother country established economic control over the country
A
mercantilism
12
Q
explain how mercantilism worked
A
they provided raw material / natural resources cheaply to the mother country that were manufactured + sold to the colony + mother country. designed to make mother con rich
13
Q
who became rich from this type of economic system ?
A
european mother country
14
Q
name the two mother countries we have had in what would one day become canada and give the name the colony had at the time
A
britain - british north america
france - new france
15
Q
in which part of north america did the english first settle?
A
thirteen colonies
16
Q
what type of colony was it?
A
agricultural
17
Q
what was the name of the other english colony and what type of colony was it ?
A
ruperts land, fur trading colony
18
Q
what did the french colony provide to its mother country
A
furs and pelts
19
Q
what was a tenant farmer called
A
habitants
20
Q
where did the tenant farmers live and
A
lived on narrow strips of land called seigeuries
21
Q
what were the immediate landlords called ?
A
seigneurs
22
Q
fully explain what a fille du roy was
A
women who were sent to new france to marry single settlers
23
Q
explain what a courier de bois was
A
men who were sent into the wilderness of north america to search for furs. they worked for themselves
24
Q
what’s a voyageur
A
people from new france hired to travel on the river
25
describe the role of the catholic church of new france
provided moral and spiritual direction
26
what was the name of the government in new france
sovereign council
27
who were the three most powerful people in this council ?
governor, bishop, intendant
28
describe the relationship between british colonists and fn
did not develop relationship
29
describe the relationship between the french colonists and fn
french often formed parternship w/ fn because of fur trade. also adopted aspects of fn into own
30
describe one contributing factor as to why the thirteen colonies grew much faster than new france
many colonists were single men while others came in with wives, so more family’s
31
what was the first economic foundation of new france
furs and pelts
32
what were the names of the two companies that competed with eachother for a monopoly in the fur trade
hudson’s bay and north west company
33
as the two companies travelled across north america, who followed them and why
european - search of furs
cree fn - to avoid expansion of european settlements
34
the two companies eventually merged into one company name it
hbc
35
what did the area now known as nova scotia and new brunswick used to be called ?
acadia
36
how did the french lose control of acadia to the british ?
in the treaty of utrecht
37
why did the british assume they could not trust the settlers there ?
because the settlers were french
38
what event signalled the beginning of britain taking over control of new france
the battle of the plains of abramham
39
where did this event take place
quebec city
40
who led the british forces
general wolfe
41
who led the french forces
general montcalm
42
even though the battle was short, why was it important
because it led to french surrending quebec city to british. who ever had control of quebec would have control of resources and land
43
what was the name of the treaty that was signed after the 7 years war
treaty of paris in 1763
44
what did britain receive in this treaty
control of new france
45
what did france keep in this treaty
guadeloupe and couple of small islands off newfoundland
46
what did britain plan to do to the french canadiens after this treaty
to assimilate french canadiens in the colony
47
besides gaining control of new france, what did the british believe the treaty also gave them control of
control of fn land
48
who organized the fn to attack british forts
pontiac
49
what did the british government attempt to create with the royal proclamation act of 1763 and how did they try to do this
create lasting peace by assimilating the french and getting peace with fn
50
describe what they were attempting to do with the quebec act of 1774
to preserve the french character of quebec, allowing french civil act reinstated
51
what could catholics now do, once they took an oath of loyalty to britain
could now hold government positions
52
During the American war of independence, why did thousands of Americans move into British North America?
Because they wanted to be loyal to britain
53
Why was the American revolution significant to Canadian history?
Because it caused many loyalists to come to Canada which increased English speaking.
54
How did the arrival of the loyalists in Quebec affect the Canadians and the fn
Threatened Canadian identity and fn rights to land
55
What happened as our English speaking population grew
Loyalists demanded British rights and replaced the Quebec act w constitution act
56
Describe what was in the constitutional act
Quebec was divided into upper + lower Canada, lower - British criminal + French civil law || upper- British civil + criminal law
57
What was the important reason for creating the constitutional act
To create two separate colonies
58
Who was tecumseh and what did he do
Leader of the shawnee fn, organized fn to fight w Americans
59
Which 3 groups of people fought against the Americans in the war of 1812
French and British Canadians, fn
60
What were these three groups trying to prevent in the war of 1812
American take over
61
How did the war of 1812 end and how does it affect us today
The treaty that ended the war created a boundary between Canada + us
62
After the war of 1812, how was the situation with the colonies ?
Tensions increased within
63
Ppl who come from another country to settle in a new country are
immigrants
64
People left Britain for ____________ reasons
Economic
65
Explain why people left Britain
Many lost livelihoods and farms, famine hit making people leave.
66
What are push factors
Things that make people leave
67
What are pull factors
Things that make ppl wanna come
68
What was the name of the immigration depot where many immigrants died during great migration
Grosse ile
69
What happened to most of the immigrants of the great migration
They survived
70
What affects did these immigrants have on the population in British North America
There were then more English then French
71
What was the name of the wealthy English Canadian families who held power in upper Canada
Family compact
72
What was the name of the group in lower Canada
Chateau clique
73
What happened in British North America as the overall population grew?
The demand for democracy grew
74
What was the main issue of the rebellions of 1837 and 1838
The desire for the right of upper and lower Canada to elect legislative councils and elective assembly’s have more power
75
What was the name of the reformer of lower Canada
Papineau
76
What was the name of the reformer from upper Canada
William Lyon Mackenzie
77
Who did Britain send to British North America after the rebellions to evaluate the situation
Lord durham
78
What was his evaluation of the situation
He felt that upper and lower should join as a province, French be assimilated and get a responsible government
79
What is “responsible government
Someone elected who listens to the needs and wants of people
80
What was the result of the rebellions and lord Durham’s report
The act of union passed
81
What effect did the act of union have on upper and lower Canada?
Made them a province but there was still Canada west and east. West - British
East - French
82
How did the people of Canada east feel about the great migration
Felt threatened by increase of British immigrants
83
how were fn included in the discussions regarding confederation
they weren’t
84
who was the first prime minister of canada
john a macdonald
85
what type of nation did he want to create
nation that stretched from sea to sea
86
list the six key issues of confederation
political deadlock, rights of canadians, independence for regions, risk of americans, west expansion and trade challenges
87
where did the first conference to discuss confederation take place
charlottetown PEI
88
which colonys attended the first conference
canada west and east, nova scotia, pei and new brunswick
89
which colony attended later conferences
newfoundland
90
list the first four provinces of canada
ontario, quebec, nova scotia, new brunswick
91
why did PEI and newfoundland make the decisions they did
because they didn’t see any benefits
92
what were the greatest obstacles to uniting all the parts of canada in the period shortly after confederation
distance and transportation problems
93
how was the distance and transportation problem solved
by the creation of a railway
94
what convinced some remote colonies to join confederation
cause of railway
95
list three aspects of the bna act
power would be divided between federal and provincial government, publicly funded schools and railway connecting maritime to central canada
96
list the powers given to the federal government
defence , banking and post office
97
list 3 responsibilities given to provincial government
local affairs, healthcare, and education
98
why was it important to have the federal government in charge of defence
to prevent american takeover
99
after confederation, which province was the next to join canada ?
Manitoba
100
which province joined in 1871
bc
101
which province joined in 1873
pei
102
which two provinces were created in 1905
alberta and saskatchewan
103
why did bc join confederation
because they were in dept
104
which province was the last to join canada
newfoundland
105
why did it take newfoundland so long to join canada
cause of extra taxes, didn’t see benefits until canada offered to pay dept
106
why was confederation important
it gave us a central government, provided us with identity and made us a bilingual + bicultural nation
107
what was manitoba created as a result and who led it
as red river, led by louis riel
108
who are métis people
mixed f/n and european
109
why was the buffalo hunt significant to the métis people
provided them food and income and pemmican to trade
110
why were the buffalo almost extinct on the prairies by 1880
due to over hunting by canadians , european and american hunters
111
before 1869, who controlled the red river colony
hbc
112
why did john A macdonald feel that canada should take over the red river colony and the entire northwest
cause canada might lose land to US
113
what did canada do to get the northwest territories and ruperts land
purchased it
114
what did the surveryors do when the canadian government sent them into the red river area and what did this spark
surveyors did not respect land, and this sparked the red river uprising
115
what is a temporary government called
provisional government
116
who was tomas scott and how is he connected to louis riel
someone who tried to over throw the provisional government and louis could’ve spared his life
117
what was the creation of the province of manitoba supposed to do for the métis
protect métis land and language rights
118
what did the métis resist and why
increased settlement and railway because were afraid of being assimilated by british
119
the hanging of louis riel __________ the english and french
divided
120
List the 5 political decisions we studied in chapter 10
National Policy, Siftons Immigration Policy, Numbered Treaties, Creation of NWMP, Creation of AB and SASK
121
After confederation the Cdn Govt implemented a new policy. What was the policy intended to do?
Promote and encourage immigration
122
What did expansion in the west in the 1870's do?
Created economic opportunities in farming
123
What did the Cdn Govt do to avoid conflict with Aboriginal People as more immigrants arrived in the west?
Signed treaties with FN and gave land to them
124
How did the Cdn Govt see the Numbered Treaties?
A way of gaining control of the land and natural resources
125
How did the FN see the Numbered Treaties?
Away of sharing, not owning the land
126
Compare the information in the oral history of the FN and the written history of the Cdn Govt
weren't always the same
127
List 2 effects of the creation of the NWMP
Helped FN, kept peace in the West
128
Where were Sifton's immigration posters and pamphlets distributed?
Within English speaking Europe and US
129
Describe Sifotn's immigration posters and pamphlets
Advertisements were unrealistic in showing what new immigrants would receive.
130
Why did settlement of the praies increase rapidly after 1885?
Because the railway was complete
131
What pressures did FN face after the completion of the railroad in 1885?
it allowed immigrants to farm on FN land
132
What else increased on the prairies as a result of increased immigration on the prairies?
Production of wheat and other crops
133
Who did the Govt use to complete the railway
The Chinese workers
134
How did the Cdn Govt treat these workers after the railway completion
Discouraged Chinese immigration by placing a head tax on Chinese immigrants and increase the amount so that they wouldn't move to Cda
135
Where did most of the people come from who settled the wst between 1885 and 1905
US and Europe
136
Where were AB and SASK created?
Northwest Territories
137
What does immigration repeatedly change in Cda
the demographics of Cda
138
What are demographics?
characteristic of a population or a group of people
139
Women who wanted to have the right to vote were called
Suffragettes
140
What does the term suffrage mean?
having the right to vote
141
Where are Aboriginal communities in Cda growing at a higher rate than the rest of the population
Nunavut and prairies
142
name 2 valued cultural and sppiritual symbols for many FN people in today's AB
Sweet-grass and eagle feathers
143
Why/how was Nunavut created?
created in 1999, because of an agreement between Inuit and Cdn Govt
144
Why was the Official Languages Act passed and what did it do?
to establish English and Frensh as a language. It confirmed the identity of English and French cultures but not FN
145
Why is imigration still important in Cda today?
We rely on it for our population, birth rate is low for us, without our economy would have a negative effect.
146
urbanization happened in part because of what?
Of technology
147
Explain how technology caused urbanization
Invention of Machines, decrease the need for ppl to live on farms growing own food, so then ppl can move into city and we get more workers.
148
What invention led to the creation of CBC Radio Canada
Invention of radio
149
Why was the CBC created
so that Canadians would have Canadian programs
150
In 1867, Canada began as a bilingual/bi-cultural country. . Today, because of the diversity created by immigration, Canada is now a...
bilingual multicultural country
