Social Behaviour - Influence of Groups Flashcards Preview

I&P > Social Behaviour - Influence of Groups > Flashcards

Flashcards in Social Behaviour - Influence of Groups Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is a group?

A

collection of people with a shared feature or attribute

2
Q

What is an in-group and an out group?

A

In group is ‘us’ and out group is people who don’t belong to that specific group e.g. in group = med students, out group = dentists

out-groups generally will have negative traits associated

3
Q

What 3 main things does the presence of others have an influence on?

A

productivity
types of decisions made
attitudes and behaviours

4
Q

What impact does a group have on productivity?

A

Social facilitation - better performance in competition

BUT, during more complex tasks

social inhibition - more errors, poorer perfomrance

5
Q

Does the time taken to do an easy task (e.g type name) increase or decrease when someone is present and when someone is closely observing?

A

Decreases and decreases

6
Q

Does the time taken to do a more complex task (e.g. type name backwards) increase or decrease when someone is present and when someone is closely observing?

A

Time taken increases for both, increases more when someone is present than when someone is evalutating

7
Q

Which would exert the strongest pull on a rope? group of 6 people or summed pull of 6 people?

A

Summed pull of 6 people

8
Q

What is social loafing?

A

Working less hard when in a group

9
Q

What would be the effect of adding a pseudo group into a rope pulling task on the rest of the group?

A

Loss of motivation, no loss of coordination

10
Q

What two factors are lost when working in a group?

A

Motivation

Coordination

11
Q

Why does social loafing occur?

A
Unclear/different standards
Output equity (others loaf too)
Evaluation apprehension (hide in non-engaging tasks)
12
Q

What are 3 ways to reduce social loafing?

A

Reduce group size (4 or less)
Make individual contributions identifiable (give people tasks)
Emphasise valuable individual contributions

13
Q

What is risky shift?

A

A group consensus is almost always riskier than the average decision made by individuals

14
Q

What is group polarisation?

A

Group discussion strengthens the average inclination of group members (if you have similar views, discussing in a group will strengthen these views)

15
Q

Why does group polarisation occur?

A

Novel/persuasive arguments
social comparison and social desirability
Discussion produces a commitment

16
Q

What is bystander apathy?

A

Less likely to help in an emergency if there are lots of people around

17
Q

Why do we help others?

A

Social responsibility

Reciprocity - help people who help us

18
Q

What is an altruist?

A

Someone who gives no though to the risk of self

19
Q

What are norms?

A

Shared beliefs concerning appropriate conduct: rules (law) and implicits and behaviours

20
Q

Are norms easy to change?

A

NO

21
Q

What is conformity?

A

constructing and adhering to norms

22
Q

What work did Solomon Asch do on conformity?

A

Yielding to the majority - people are more likely to give the wrong answer if the people before them gave that wrong answer even if they know it is wrong (line experiment). Only 4 people before required.

23
Q

How many pole would conform on 1/2 of the trials of Solomon Asch? How many people would use their own judgement?

A

50%

2%

24
Q

Why do people conform?

A

avoid ridicule, social disapproval

25
Q

When does conformity from to 12.5%?

A

When allowed to write judgement privately

26
Q

Who conforms?

A

Little consistency between groups - situational factors are the most important

27
Q

In which cultures is conformity higher?

A

Collectivist cultures - Africa, Asia, S America
Group norms
(tribal based cultures)

28
Q

What ruins the effect of conformity?

A

One deviant

29
Q

What size group is required for conformity?

A

3 or 4

30
Q

How can social norms affect health promotion?

A

Overestimates risk behaviour
Underestimate protective behaviour
Stereotypes lead to a focus on extremes

31
Q

What is deinviduation and give an example?

A

Loss of self awareness when in a group - anonymity within a crowd (by mask or uniform)
e.g. Stanford Prison Experiment

32
Q

Why does dehumanisation occur in group influences?

A

Victims are made anonymous and seen as targets and collateral damage in war - removes the fact that they are individuals

33
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

Removal of inhibitions that norms provide us with that is often caused by group influence