social change Flashcards
what are the four ways which bruce identified these movement used religion and religious ideology to create a protest and contribute to social change:
Taking the moral high ground
Channelling opposition through circumstances
Acting as an honest broker – plan for negotiations and respect either party
Mobilising public opinion – use of campaigning,
how did the civil rights movement use religion to create social change
-Their churches provided meeting places and sanctuary from the threat of white violence.
-Rituals such as prayer meetings and hymn singing were a source of unity in the face of oppression.
-The black clergy’s were able to shame whites into changing the law by appealing their shared Christian values of equality.
what two ways can religion be seen as a conservative force
- in the sense of being ‘traditional’ - traditional customs, moral views, institutions etc - upholds traditional beliefs
- functions to conserve or preserve things as they are - stabilises society
2 examples of conservative catholic beliefs
- abortion
- divorce
- condemns homosexual behaviour
- artificial contraception
which theorisists see religion as a conservative force
marxists
feminists
functionalists
how does weber see religion as a force for change
through protestantism - founded by calvin during reformation
- helped bring social change and emergence of capitalism
what 3 micro values did weber think religion gave that led to birth of capitalism
- Living an asceticism lifestyle (living a simple life) - monks refraining from luxury etc and worked long hours. saw idleness as a sin
-Vocation to God – working hard was a sign of being religious / religious duty
-Divine transcendence and predestination – They don’t know whether god has chosen them to be saved and thus will do anything to earn their place in heaven (ease their salvation panic)
what does it mean to live an ascetic life and why would this encourage capitalism
to live a simple life where luxury and living in excess is shunned and instead working long rigorous hours applauded
life as a monk etc
saw idleness as a sin
gained lots of money and saw this as favour from god
due to not wasting their money, as they grew richer they invested in their businesses which grew and prospered and produced more profit etc
spirit of modern capitalism (object is to acquire more and more money)
why did bruce believe the new christian right failed at being a movement for change but the civil rights movement did
- protestant fundamentalist morality contrasted with values of most of american society such as seperation of state and church unlike them - theocracy
- civil rights suceeded because what they were arguing had beliefs similar to wider society such as equality and freedom
theocracy def
rule by religious leaders
state what Bloch argued (3 words) and what theory he was
principle of hope
neo marxist
explain Bloch’s beliefs
Religion recognises positive influences and creates a better vision for the working class. dual character - can inspire protest and rebellion
‘principle of hope’ –dreams of a better life (afterlife) that contains images of utopia (positive representation of life). Religion creates a positive vision of a world where there is no inequality.
who argued religion creates a counter-hegemony
Gramsci
hegemony and counter-hegemony meaning
hegemony refers to ideological domination or leadership of society
counter refers to the idea that the wc develop an alternative vision of how society should be organised
who applied gramscis ideas to coal miners and textile workers
billings
