social class and achievement in education (external factors) Flashcards
(23 cards)
what do most sociologists use as an example for determining a pupil’s social class
parental occupation ; middle class parents typically have professional jobs like doctors, teachers, and other 'white collar' office jobs
working class parents typically have more manual jobs and skilled work like plumbing
what is cultural deprivation
the lack of cultural equipment needed to do well at school.
these consist of; language, parents’ education, and w/c sub culture
what is the restricted code
speech code typically used by the working class - limited vocabulary and grammatically simple.
what is the elaborated code
typically used by the middle class, a wider vocabulary and grammatically more complex
which sociologist comments on speech codes
Basil Bernstein (1975)
how does the elaborated code benefit the middle class in education
the elaborated code is used in textbooks, exams and by teachers, schools make the elaborated code the ‘correct’ way to speak
which sociologist talked about the parents’ education and the effect it had
JWB Douglas (964)
why could the parents’ education have an effect
w/c parents typically placed less value on education, making their kids less ambitious and motivated
what could effect parental input
their parenting style
use of income
their education and behaviour towards it
class and income
what did Barry Sugarman (1970) believe
he noticed a working class sub culture. groups of people whose attitudes and values differ from the mainstream culture
what did Sugarman argue the 4 key features of the working class sub culture are
fatalism- believing in fate, nothing you can do to change it
collectivism- valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual
immediate gratification- seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices for rewards in the future
present time orientation - seeing the present as more important than the future
what did the government do to try and tackle the problems of cultural deprivation
compensatory education- providing extra resources to schools In deprived areas
what is material deprivation
refers to the poverty and lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income
what are the main examples of material deprivation
housing
diet and health
the cost of schooling
how might housing effect a pupils’ achievement
overcrowding- making it harder to study
safety - damp housing, can affect child’s health meaning they miss school
who spoke about diet and health as a factor effecting a child’s education and how do they believe it does
Marylin Howard (2001)
she found children from low income families had lower intakes of energy, vitamins, and minerals.
poor nutrition effects health effecting their school attendance
also effects their concentration
who said the phrase “the cost of free schooling”
David Bull (1980)
what is meant by “the cost of free schooling”
lack of financial support means children from poorer families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences that would effect their educational achievement
what extra costs come from ‘free schools’
transport, uniform, books, computers, sport/art equipment etc.
which sociologist spoke about the fear of stigmatisation
Flaherty - noticed w/c students often got isolated and stigmatised for not having new or fashionable items
what is cultural capital
refers to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of the m/c - gives them dominance and power
who spoke about cultural capital
Bourdieu (1984)
what are seen as the three types of capital
cultural
educational
economic
