social class and achievement in education (internal factors) Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are internal factors
they include labelling, self fulfilling prophecy, pupil subcultures and student vs school values
how does labelling effect students, especially w/c students
teachers often label student regardless of their actual ability but based on stereotypes and assumptions and w/c kids are associated to be negative
which sociologist focused on labelling
Howard Becker (1971) (60 high school teachers)
what influenced teachers judgement
a pupil’s; work, appearance and conduct
what is the self fulfilling prophecy
a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of having been made:
a teacher labels a pupil , then treats them accordingly, the pupil then internalises the teacher’s expectation
who are Rosenthal and Jacobson?
sociologists who talk about the self fulfilling prophecy (tested the student on their IQ and lied about the results to see how teachers would then treat them)
what’s the issue with teacher labelling
I can have positive effects for some student but can also produce under-achievement for kids who have been labelled to not achieve
what is the difference between streaming and setting
streaming is where you set groups for students across the board according to their ability
setting is similar but students are set per class they have.
what did Becker find the issue with streaming was
working class students tend to be put in the lower ability stream, creating the self fulfilling prophecy
what is the educational triage and who came up with the it
Gillborn and Youdell, it basically means ‘sorting’
it separated students into 3 categories:
-those who will pass anyway
-borderline C/D pupils
-hopeless cases
what is pupil subculture
a group of pupils who share similar values or behaviour patterns
which sociologist talked about pupil subculture and what 2 main points did he make
Colin Lacey (1970)
he came up with the concepts of
-differentiation
-polarisation
what is polarisation
the process in which pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite ‘poles’
what is differentiation
process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability, attitude and behaviour
what are the variety of pupil responses
- ingratiation (being a teacher’s pet)
- ritualism (staying out of trouble)
- retreatism (daydreaming )
- rebellion (rejection of school values)
which sociologist focused on the interaction between w/c pupils’ identities and school and how this produces under achievement
Louise Archer et al (2010) he draws on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus (1984)
what is habitus
refers to the learned, taken-for-granted ways of thinking, being and acting that are shared by a particular social class. (lifestyle)
what typically happens with habitus
the middle class usually has the power to define it’s habitus as superior and to impose on the education system
how does habitus link to cultural capital
school gives m/c pupils an advantage through their habitus and their cultural capital
schools devalue w/c habitus and taste causing what
symbolic violence , by keeping the lower classes ‘in their place’
what is a ‘nike identity’
w/c students seek alternative ways to find self worth and status by wearing certain styles and brands, like Nike
