Social Class - Internal

Question 1

What is Ball’s theory + explain?

Answer 1

Banding
- groups of students with different achievement levels are put into different bands
- creates a self-fulfilling prophecy through labelling

Question 2

What does Lacey say emerges from streaming?

Answer 2

Pupil subcultures (anti + pro-school)
- response to differentiation and polarisation

Question 3

What does Rist say about banding and streaming?

Answer 3

The separation of students isn’t by ability but how far the children conform to teacher’s middle class standards (labelling)

Question 4

What is Becker’s theory?

Answer 4

Labelling

Question 5

What is Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study?

Answer 5

Pygmalion Effect
- teacher’s expectations created a self-fulfilling prophecy through labelling

Question 6

What was Hargreaves et al’s study on + what were the 3 steps?

Answer 6

Deviance in Classrooms

• Speculation - outward appearance, behaviour
• Elaboration - hypothesis (speculation) confirmed or contradicted
• Stabilisation - teacher ‘knows’ the student + types them

Question 7

What do Gillborn and Youdell say about Marketisation?

Answer 7

A* - C economy
- the marketisation of schools widens the class gap in achievement

Educational triage
- the sorting of students who are predicted to perform better than others

Question 8

What does Bourdieu say about Pupil Identities?

Answer 8

symbolic capital is gained through academic success

symbolic violence = a devaluation of working class habitus

Question 9

What is habitus? (Bourdieu)

Answer 9

It refers to taken for-granted ways of thinking, being and acting that are shared by a particular social class

Question 10

What is symbolic violence?

Answer 10

School devalues the working-class habitus so that working-class pupils’ tastes are deemed worthless

Question 11

What does Archer say about Pupil Identities?

Answer 11

Nike identities
- symbolic violence leads to new contstructions of identity through consumption of brands like Nike to show self-worth