Social Cognition: Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is an attitude?
a relatively stable organisation of our beliefs, feelings and tendancys
they can be positive, negative or ambivalent
what does the ABC model stand for?
affective- the way you feel
behaviour- the action/ behaviour
cognition-the belief
what is Katz 4 attitude functions theory?
value expressive function- we can use attitudes to express who we are
ego-defensive function- protect us from feelings we don’t want to experience
utilitarian function- learn something give us pleasure some give us pein the intention is to maximise reward
knowledge function- provide an explanation for the world
what is attitude formation influenced by?
indirect experiences- exposure to objects
direct experiences- personal experiences
learning- association, reward, punishment imitations
how do you change attitudes?
through persuasion
how do you retain successful persuasion?
who- the source
what- message
what means (how)- sending the message
to whom- who is sending the message
how do we process information?
depending on high or low ability/ motivation
will determine if it is generally processed or peripherally processed
What is the central route of persuasion?
factual information
higher anylitical pathway
What is the peripheral route of persuasion?
not thought through messages
people who lean to lower cognition tend to follow the peripheral route
what does the bidirectional relationship between behaviour and attitudes mean?
how much people monitor and regulate their public image
what is self-monitoring?
is how we understand individual differences in attitude behaviour consistency
high and low self-monitoring
what is cognitive dissonance?
when the attitudes and behaviours do not connect
causes heightened arousal which can be physically uncomfortable
what is the self-perception theory?
depending on surroundings, changing their attitude to fit
what is an impression?
how a person is seen by others
what are non-verbal cues for impression formation?
height perceived gender weight skin colour age
what are verbal cues on the semantic level?
disclosure questions information acknowledgment confirmation
what are verbal cues on an expressive level?
give example
the way the information is provided
“no”. I am not mad
no. “I” am not mad
give two differing meanings
what is self-handicapping?
form of impression management
protect us from the unpleasant possibilities of failure
if failure happens then there is an excuse lined up
what is a social comparison?
learn about abilities and attitudes through comparison
what is an upward social comparison?
comparisons with someone we feel is socially better than us
what is a downward social comparison?
comparison with someone we feel is less successful than us
what is the fundamental attribution error?
we are context-dependent on personal situations however do not create a context to other peoples behaviour, leading to misjudgment
what is a research method used for measuring attitudes?
the bogus pipeline
is a fake polygraph test to get people to tell the truth
used when trying to collect self-reported data
