Social conditions : Population

Question 1

When was the first census taken?

Answer 1

-1897

Question 2

What can population figures before 1897 be described as?

Answer 2

‘guesstimates’

Question 3

Why does the official census need to be treated with caution?

Answer 3

-inconsistent methods used to collect data.

Question 4

When was the biggest spurt in population?

Answer 4

From 1870-1917 and interwar period

Question 5

What were rising birth rates stimulated by?

Answer 5

-Witte’s great spurts and Stalin 5 year plans
-Higher chance of regular employment (people marry when its affordable)

Question 6

What did industrialisation also stimulate?

Answer 6

Urbanisation- people moving to Moscow or St Petersburg for work

Question 7

What did urbanisation lead to?

Answer 7

-Poor living standards.

Question 8

Which government policy had a direct influence on demographics?

Answer 8

-The emancipation edict 1861-marry who they wanted
-civil marriage after October revolution- more families split up- divorce
-1926 abortion- revoked to when the mothers life is in danger- changed again

Question 9

How did Stalin counter the increase in divorce after the October revolution?

Answer 9

-during the war: ‘distinctions to mother heroines’- ten or more children had substantial financial rewards.