Social Development

Question 1

Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 1

focus on social construction of thought

Question 2

Internalization

Answer 2

when social factors become part of the individual (eg using a pencil)

Question 3

Zone of proximal development

Answer 3

gap between your current abilities and your maximal potential
- where most change occurs

Question 4

attachment

Answer 4

the strong social-emotional bond between a child and a caregiver
- other animals have forms of attachment, such as imprinting
- human infants show imprinting-like behavior - infants orient more to faces than to nonfaces

Question 5

cupboard theory

Answer 5

attachment to mother driven by biological needs (mostly food)

Question 6

attachment theory

Answer 6

comfort is the key (not the cupboard) (Bowlby)

Question 7

Harlow’s monkey studies

Answer 7

monkeys separated from mothers and raised by artificial mothers (either wire or cloth-covered)
- results support attachment theory - comfort, not food, determined monkey’s preference

Question 8

secure attachment

Answer 8

~70% infants, explore when mother is present, upset when mother leaves, greets mother when she returns

Question 9

insecure attachment (ambivalent)

Answer 9

~15% infants, dont explore when mother is present, upset when she leaves, ambivalent when she returns

Question 10

insecure attachment (avoidant)

Answer 10

~15% infants, ignore mother when she is present, not upset when she leaves, aloof when she returns

Question 11

Ainsworth Strange situation experiment

Answer 11

infants respond differently to “strange situation”