Therapy

Question 1

Trephining/trepanation

Answer 1

act or instance of perforating skull with a surgical instrument
earliest therapy - 7000 years ago through middle ages
- some felt better due to… cognitive dissonance, regression to mean, placebo effect

Question 2

Asylums

Answer 2

treat abnormal like animals or criminals
- remove from society, no attempt to cure

Question 3

Pathology Model

Answer 3

treating psychological disorders like any other disease, symptoms due to an underlying cause
- therapy aims to remove underlying cause of abnormal behavior/symptoms
- underlying causes - somatogenic & psychogenic

Question 4

somatogenic

Answer 4

biological/organic - often treat with drug
- soma=body

Question 5

psychogenic

Answer 5

psychological - address through CBT and other forms of conditioning

Question 6

empirical validation

Answer 6

psychotherapies are not equal - some are better than others
- therapy has some evidence to suggest that it works better than another therapy or doing nothing

Question 7

why therapies may appear to help when they don’t

Answer 7

• cognitive dissonance
• regression to the mean
• placebo effect

Question 8

Eysenck

Answer 8

recovery from neuroses ~60% of patients in therapy, ~70% of patients not in therapy
“spontaneous recovery” explained by regression to the mean

Question 9

Smith & Glass

Answer 9

people in therapy twice as likely to be better off after therapy than someone who isn’t in therapy

Question 10

Treatment for Schizophrenia

Answer 10

strong somatic component, medical intervention (antipsychotics) to reduce dopamine levels, abnormal behavior alleviated
- must stay on meds (patients need social support) without drugs no effect treatment

Question 11

Treatment for Phobias

Answer 11

behavioral therapies work best, abnormal behaviors learned like normal behaviors through conditioning, treatment involves unlearning abnormal behaviors and learning normal behaviors
- Mary Cover Jones - counterconditioning, helped 3 yo unlearn fear of rabbits, extinction of fear response
- exposure therapies

Question 12

exposure therapies

Answer 12

expose patient to fear in neutral setting so fear is unlearned
- systematic desensitization: relaxation techniques and gradual exposure - put in relaxed environment then slowly introduce the fearful object
- flooding: expose patient to a “megadose” of the fear and show them that they are fine