Social Development Flashcards
What is attachment?
The enduring ties of affection that children form with their primary caregivers
What is separation anxiety?
Emotional distress experienced by infants when separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment
What is the biological perspective of attachment?
Infants are programmed by evolution to exhibit endearing behaviour that triggers an affectionate, protective response from adults
What are the four patterns of attachment?
Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganised
In the Strange Situation paradigm, what behaviour demonstrated a secure pattern of attachment?
Child welcomed mother’s return and sought closeness to her
In the Strange Situation paradigm, what behaviour demonstrated a avoidant pattern of attachment?
Child ignored mother
In the Strange Situation paradigm, what behaviour demonstrated a ambivalent pattern of attachment?
Child exhibited anger at mother while seeking to be close to her
In the Strange Situation paradigm, what behaviour demonstrated a disorganised pattern of attachment?
Child approached mother while gazing away, exhibited odd motor behaviour and dazed facial expressions
What do individual differences in attachment styles relate to?
Different patterns of/satisfaction with everyday interactions
What does adult attachment refer to?
Ways of experiencing attachment relationships in adulthood
What is socialisation?
The process by which children learn the beliefs, values, skills and behaviour patterns of their society
What are two issues in socialisation?
- Socialisation is lifelong and interactive
- Socialisation occurs within a broad social and economic context
What are the four styles of parenting?
1) Authoritarian: High value on obedience/respect for authority
2) Permissive: Impose minimal controls
3) Authoritative: Enforce standards, but encourage verbal give-and-take
4) Uninvolved: Neglectful, place themselves above children
What does the guidance approach of parenting involve?
Parents helping their children to manage their behaviours and learn considerate behaviours
What do gender roles specify?
The range of behaviours considered appropriate for males and females