Social Developments Flashcards
(32 cards)
What impact did a growing population have on towns?
- became more urban
- rows of houses developed
- tenement blocks built to house work force
What impact did the growing population have on rural communities?
- disrupted traditional habits
- transformed into industrial landscapes
- disrupted familiar tranquillity
In 1801 London and Dublin had populations of 100,000 what cities exceeded this by 1831?
Edinburgh, Manchester, Glasgow, Birmingham, Bristol and Leeds
What were the economic bases in: Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow?
M: textiles
L: commercial traffic through docks
G: textile, shipbuilding and engineering
What did historian Hobsbawm say about the labouring classes?
That they had no life outside of work
What were 5 main social problems between 1812 and 1832?
- Population growth + urbanisation
- Local gov
- Working conditions
- Education
- Unemployment
What was the impact of population growth + urbanisation on the working classes SoL?
- basic facilities
- one family per room
- over crowded tenement blocks
What was the impact of population growth + urbanisation on the middle classes SoL?
- lived in suburbs
- wealthy
- trade and crafts people lived in terraced houses near the town centre
What was the impact of population growth + urbanisation on towns/cities?
- became over crowed
- disease spread among the w/c
Why were local govs a social problem?
- corrupt
- no local gov in many areas
- old boroughs moved to industrial cities
- no town planning to control development
- did little to introduce improvements such as lighting, water supply, drainage etc.
Why were working conditions a social problem?
- poorly ventilated
- detrimental to health
- absence of safety regulations meant many accidents occurred
- 16hr days, 6 days per week
- orphans were exploited
- children made to clear machine jams
Why were the working class uneducated?
- no state provision for schooling
- middle and upper classes viewed education of working class to be dangerous
What were Sunday Schools?
Schools that gave elementary education (bible reading and religious instruction) but were not compulsory.
Why was poor relief unable to operate?
Parishes had been swallowed up into expanding cities and over burdened with unemployment rates.
What did many poor people do?
- Turn to crime
- Begged on the streets
What did historian CP Hill say about emigration between 1812 and 1832?
The rise in population stimulated the migration of the British overseas and was a powerful force for the extension of the British Empire.
What did historian E Royle say about emigration?
The rise in emigration was caused by the peace after the Napoleonic wars and renewed depression.
What were the motives for emigration?
- social
- adventure
- personal
- religious
- hope of a better life
What were the numbers of British emigrants in 1816?
13,000
What were the numbers of British emigrants in 1819?
35,000
What were the numbers of British emigrants in 1830?
55,000
What were the numbers of British emigrants in 1832?
103,000
What were the positive effects of industrialisation between 1812 and 1832?
- greater wealth created (SoL rose and m/c prospered)
- trade unions grew
What was the benefit of trade unions growing?
Could share dissatisfaction over pay + conditions, exchange info easily and fight against economic fluctuations
