Social Distribution of crime by ethnicity

Question 1

Institutional Racism

Answer 1

Macpherson report proved the metropolitan police to be institutionally racist following the murder of Stephen Lawrence. Also accused of favouring white middle class defendents

Question 2

Canteen Culture

Answer 2

the alleged clannishness of the police force, whereby the prevalent attitudes inhibit officers from reporting or speaking out against malpractice, racism, etc

Question 3

Relative Deprevation

Answer 3

Left realism such as young believe the media allows the working class to see how many possessions other people have, which increases their feelings of relative deprivation making them more likely to turn to crime

Question 4

Policing the Crisis

Answer 4

Hall et al. Mugging moral panic. Hall noted that there is no legally defined crime as mugging. Since in law there is no such crime, it was not possible for the Home Secretary accurately to measure its extent

Question 5

Subcultural Formation

Answer 5

Criminal subculture- areas with established criminal culture where young people are taught by adult career criminals. Usually committ utilitarian crimes (ie. Robbery or selling drugs for money) areas controlled by mafia or mobile have a criminal subculture
Conflict subculture- in areas that don’t have an established criminal culture young people organise themselves into gangs. Their crimes tend to be non utilitarian
Retreatist subculture- fail in both legitimate and illegitimate means of success so retreat from society and turn to drink or drugs

Question 6

Myth of Black Criminality

Answer 6

Gilroy claims black people are victims of racist stereotypes that paint them as more criminal than other groups. The CJS believes these stereotypes so convicts a high number of black people. Girly also says ethnic minorities may use crime to fight back against inequalities as a kind of resistance

Question 7

Exclusions

Question 8

Stop & Search

Answer 8

Black people only make up 3.3% of the population in England and Wales but make up 14.2% of stop and searches, 8.3% of arrests and 13.5% of the prison population

Question 9

Hate Crimes

Answer 9

Hate crime refer to crimes where the motive for the crime is discrimination against individuals because of certain characteristics such as ethnicity or sexual orientation. Various pieces of legislation, such as the Equality Act seek to control discriminatory behaviour. Furthermore, when prosecuting crimes such as assault, evidence of it being a hate crime is an aggravating factor when judges consider sentencing and should lead to a longer than average custodial sentence

Question 10

Gilroy

Answer 10

Myth of black criminality

Question 11

McPhearson Report

Answer 11

Proved the met police to be institutionally racist

Question 12

CSEW

Answer 12

Shows police stats to be wrong/biased