social impact

Question 1

identity:

Answer 1

how we perceive ourselves

Question 2

autonomy:

Answer 2

our sense of independence

Question 3

age of majority:

Answer 3

designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult

Question 4

social inventionists:

Answer 4

theorists who argue that the period of adolescence is mainly a social invention

Question 5

impact of industrialization on adolescence:

Answer 5

industrialization broke connection between what people learned in childhood and what we need to know as adults. parents encouraged younger people to stay in school longer, staying in school lessened job competition

Question 6

child protectionists:

Answer 6

people who argued that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force to protect them from hazards of work place

Question 7

youth ages:

Answer 7

18-22

Question 8

emerging adulthood:

Answer 8

for those between 18-25 who are caught between adolescence and adulthood

Question 9

emerging adults 5 main features:

Answer 9

1. exploration of identities
2. instability in work, romantic relationships, living arrangements
3. a focus on self and independent functioning
4. feeling of being caught between adolescence and adulthood
5. sense that life holds many possibilities

Question 10

emerging adulthood _____ exists in all cultures

Answer 10

doesn’t

Question 11

psychological development functioning during emerging adulthood: (3)

Answer 11

1. can be difficult time of floundering and financial instability
2. can be a time of carefree independence
3. is associated with significant rates of mental illness and suicide

Question 12

it is possible that ____ _____ have delayed the transition to social adulthood without changing psychological adulthood

Answer 12

economic forces

Question 13

2 dimensions of social redefinition:

Answer 13

1. clarity
2. continuity

Question 14

clarity:

Answer 14

refers to explicitness of the transition from adolescent to adult

Question 15

continuity:

Answer 15

refers to the smoothness of transition from adolescent to adult

Question 16

in most traditional cultures for boys, passage into adolescence is:

Answer 16

at puberty, at a designated chronological age, or when community decides

Question 17

in most traditional cultures for girls, passage into adolescence is:

Answer 17

onset of menstruation and ability to reproduce

Question 18

scarification:

Answer 18

physical appearance often changed

Question 19

how adolescents define adulthood today: (3)

Answer 19

1. involves more emphasis on self-reliance
2. involves less emphasis on marriage and parenthood
3. involves more similar criteria for male and female and fewer gender role expectations

Question 20

continuous transitions:

Answer 20

passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually

Question 21

discontinuous transitions:

Answer 21

passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly

Question 22

in contemporary society, transition to adulthood is:

Answer 22

discontinuous since adolescents are given little preparation of worker, parent and citizen

Question 23

in most traditional cultures, transition to adulthood is:

Answer 23

continuous since adolescents preparation for adulthood comes from observation and hands on experience

Question 24

rise in drug and alcohol use is much less in young adults who:

Answer 24

live at home compared to those who leave home for college

Question 25

which areas are impacted by socioeconomic factors?

Answer 25

education, work, marriage, parental role

Question 26

possible factors of difficulty from transition to adulthood includes:

Answer 26

poverty, disruptions in family structure, discrimination, segregation

Question 27

which teenagers are more likely to grow up poor?

Answer 27

minority

Question 28

poor families clustered in which segregated communities?:

Answer 28

economically and racially segregated communities

Question 29

redlining:

Answer 29

discriminatory practice in which services are withheld from people who live in neighborhoods classifies as “hazardous”, and these are neighborhoods with racial and ethnic and low income residents

Question 30

relocating poor families to better neighborhoods can sometimes:

Answer 30

negatively affect adolescents behavior

Question 31

parents in poor neighborhoods tend to monitor kids more:

Answer 31

closely

Question 32

adolescents who grow up in poor communities are more likely to:

Answer 32

be sexually active at an earlier age, bear children as teenagers, become involved in criminal activities, achieve less or drop out of high schol

Question 33

adolescents growing up in middle class and wealthy communities have higher rates of:

Answer 33

delinquency, substance abuse, anxiety, depression.

Question 34

why do adolescents in middle class and welathy families have higher rates of these things?

Answer 34

because of pressures to excel and that’s enabled by preoccupied parents

Question 35

three mechanisms that have been suggested as ways that neighborhoods affects the behavior and development of adolescents:

Answer 35

1. collective efficacy
2. impact of stress
3. limited access to resources

Question 36

collective efficacy:

Answer 36

extent to which neighbors trust another, share common values, and count on each other to monitor the activities of youth in community

Question 37

rates of teen pregnancy, school failure, mental health problems and antisocial behavior are all higher in neighborhoods that have:

Answer 37

low levels of elective efficacy

Question 38

Seyle created the:

Answer 38

3 stages of stress stages

Question 39

what are the 3 stages Selye created?

Answer 39

1. alarm stage
2. reisstance stage
3. exhaustion stage

Question 40

alarm stage

Answer 40

upon receiving a stressor, the body reacts with a “fight or flight” response and the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and body treats danger

Question 41

resistance stage

Answer 41

body resists and compensates as the parasympathetic system attempts to return to many normal physiological functions while body remains on alert

Question 42

exhaustion stage

Answer 42

if the stressor continue beyond the body’s capacity, the resources exhausted and the body is susceptible to disease and death

Question 43

which axis is responsible for intiating fight or flight response?

Answer 43

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA)

Question 44

prolonged exposure to cortisol is:

Answer 44

neurotoxic

Question 45

chronic elevation of cortisol does what to neurons?

Answer 45

reduces the number of neurons in the HPA pathway

Question 46

disruptions in caregiving also:

Answer 46

change your brain and can cause severe sensory deprivation neglect in a Childs brain

Question 47

adolescents who live in neighborhoods with higher quality schools are less likely to become involved in:

Answer 47

antisocial behavior