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Pyschology > Social influence > Flashcards

Social influence Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 evaluative researchers for type and explanations of conformity

A

Lucas et al and Schultz et al

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2
Q

What was the aim of Aschs study?

A

To see whether people will conform due to social pressure from a majority group

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3
Q

What kind of sample did Asch collect?

A

123 male undergraduates

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4
Q

How many trials did Asch conduct?

A

18 trials in total - 12 critical trials (these are trials with confederates)

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5
Q

What were the findings of Asch’s study?

A

average conformity 33%
75% conformed at least once
25% never conformed

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6
Q

What variables affect conformity?

A

Group size – up to a certain degree increasing group size increased conformity
Task difficulty – Lines that were very similar to the standard line increased conformity
Unanimity – dissenting fed caused a decrease in conformity

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7
Q

How does group size affect conformity?

A

1 Confed: 3%
2 confer: 13%
3 confess: 32%
no increase further than this point

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8
Q

What was the aim of Zimbardos study?

A

To see whether people will conform to their assigned social roles due situational factors

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9
Q

Zimbardos sample?

A

24 male undergrads

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10
Q

How did zimbardo narrow down his sample?

A

psychological and physical screening

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11
Q

How did Zimbardo collect participants?

A

advertising his mock prison experiment in the newspaper offering a daily sum of 15 dollars to participants

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12
Q

Describe Zimbardos procedure:

A
  • Ppts were assigned to random roles as either prisoner or guards.
  • Those given roles as prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at their homes and taken to the prison.
  • They were immediately demeaned upon arrival – stripped of their name and their clothes.
  • They were all given ID numbers and referred to by these numbers by the “guards”.
  • Guards were given a uniform that included mirrored shades, a baton, and handcuffs.
  • They were instructed to act accordingly to their position
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13
Q

What were the findings of Zimbardo’s study?

A
  • After only 2 days, prisoners started to rebel, and guards started to act brutally towards them.
  • 5 prisoners had extreme reactions to their mistreatment such as anxiety attacks, rage, crying etc. and were released early because of it.
  • 1 prisoner had been so deluded by the experiment that when they had enough of the study, they asked for parole rather than to leave.
  • The experiment ended after 6 days.
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14
Q

What kind of task did guards have prisoners perform as punishment?

A
  • Guards would have prisoners wake up in the night to perform demeaning task such as cleaning toilets without equipment.
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15
Q

Name 2 evaluative researchers from Zimbardo’s study of obedience

A

Fromm and Banuazizi

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16
Q

What did Fromm accuse Zimbardo of? And why?

A

Fromm accused Zimbardo of minimizing the effects of dispositional factors as only 1/3 of guards acted brutally and other guards were noted giving prisoner special privileges

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17
Q

What did Banuazizi accuse ppts of?

A

Banuazizi accused the ppts of play acting as a guard when asked about his behavior as a guard her claimed to base it off a film character

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18
Q

Milgrams sample?

A

40 american males

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19
Q

At 180 V feds would?,

A

scream for help

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20
Q

At 300V the feds would?

A

beg to be released

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21
Q

at 315 volts there would be was

A

silence

22
Q

Finding of Milgrams study:

A

100% of ppts went to 350 volts

65% of ppts went to 450 volts

23
Q

Uniform condition obedience %?

A

65% to 20%

24
Q

Describe the uniform condition in situational factors:

A

The researcher in the room with the ‘teacher’ left the room and was placed by a casual clothed confederate that was talking on the phone.

25
Q

Proximity condition obedience when the teacher and learner were placed in the same room %?

A

65% to 40%

26
Q

Remoted instruction obedience%?

A

65% to 20.5%

27
Q

Describe the remote instruction condition:

A

The experimenter instructed the ppts from over the telephone

28
Q

Describe the Touch proximity conditions:

A

The teacher had to force the learners’ hand onto a electric shock plate

29
Q

What was obedience in the touch proximity condition?

A

obedience fell from 65% to 30%

30
Q

Who was able to replicate milgrams study an d produce consistent results?

A

Miranda et al

31
Q

Aim of Adorno’s study?

A

Adorno sought to uncover the unconscious bias in ordinary Americans towards other racial groups.

32
Q

Desribe Adorno’s procedure:

A

Adorno administered as series of questionnaires including one called the f-scale – which measures fascists tendencies.

33
Q

What kind of sample did Adorno collect?

A

2000 middle-class Americans

34
Q

What were Adornos findings?

A

Adorno concluded that prejudice had a positive correlation with authoritarian personality. And authoritarian personality was a result of strict parenting.

35
Q

What are some personality traits of a personal with authoritarian personality?

A
  • Particular cognitive style
  • Identified with strong people
  • Submissive to authority
  • Disrespectful to those they consider weak
36
Q

Name 2 evaluative researchers from social pyschological factors

A

Blass and Schmitt and Mandel et al

37
Q

What did Bless and Schmitt find?

A

Blass and Schmitt showed a film of Milgram’s study to students and asked them who was at fault. And the students mostly blamed the experimenter rather than the ppts. they believe the ppts were acting as agents

38
Q

What did Mandel find?

A

Doesn’t account for behavior of German soldiers who killed polish civilians despite not having direct orders and a choice to carry out different orders

39
Q

What are 3 factors can the minority implement to influence the majority?

A

commitment, consistency, flexibility

40
Q

What researcher investigated the effect of consistency on the majority?

A

Moscovici

41
Q

What researcher suggested that flexibility was necessary for majority influence?

A

Nemeth

42
Q

What are the 6 processes in social change?

A 
Drawing attention to the issue 
Consistency of position 
Deeper processing 
Augmentation principle 
Snowball effects 
Social cryptomnesia
43
Q

What factor of social change does commitment implement?

A

Agumentation principle

44
Q

What sample did Moscovici use in his study?

A

172 women

45
Q

what was the size of the groups the women were placed in, in moscovici’s study?

A

6

46
Q

How many confederates were in each group of 6, in moscovici’s study?

A

2

47
Q

How many slides were there in moscvici’s study?

A

36

48
Q

What were the 2 conditions in moscovici study?

A

consistent and inconsistent

49
Q

Name a evaluative researcher for moscovic’s study?

A

wood et al

50
Q

What did wood et al say about minority influence in moscovici’s study?

A

Wood et al carried out a meta-analysis of similar studies to Moscovic’s and found that consistent minorities on average are more influential

Pyschology (7 decks)

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