social influence Flashcards

Question

evaluation - research support; milgrams research

Answer 1

strength findings replic in french docum abo reality tv game show ppt paid to give shocks to oth ppts (actors) in front if audience 80% deliv max shocks and show anxiety TF: supp M findings, x due to special circumstances

Answer 2

limit orne/holland; arg ppts x believe set up, ‘play acting’ perry; listened to tapes of M ppts and fou only half believed shocks real TF: sugg ppts responding to demand charac

Answer 3

sheridan/king; milgrams like study w puppy ppts gave real shocks as ordered by E 54% men/100% wom gave fatal shocks despite puppy’s real distress TF: sugg eff M study genuine

Answer 4

limit halsam et al; show M ppts obeyed w 1st 3 prods b w 4th (u have no choice must go on) disobeyed accord SIT ppts only obeyed when identified w scientific aims of res TF: shows SIT +re valid interp of findings

Answer 5

BS; T could hear b x see L prox var; T/L in same room, O decr fr 65 to 40% touch prox var; T place L hand on electroshock, O decre furth to 30% remote instruc var; E left room/gave instruc by phone, O decre to 20.5% decre prox allows peop to psychologically distance fr conseq

Answer 6

experiment in run down office, O decre to 47.5% uni loc +re O bec E seen to share this legitimacy b O still high bec office is scientific nature

Answer 7

BS; E wore grey lab coat var; E replaced w memb of pub in everyday clothed O decre to 20% unif symb of authority

Answer 8

strength bickman NY field experim; 3 confed in security gu, jacket/tie, milkman unif all indiv asked peop perf task ie. pick litter peop 2x +re like to obey security gu than J/T TF: supp view situ var has powerful eff

Answer 9

strength findings replic w dutch ppts asked to say stressful things in interv to someone desperate for job 90% obeyed/prox var E x present obed decre TF: sugg M find valid across cultures/apply to wom

Answer 10

limit replic x v cross cultural smith/bond; identif 2 replic in india/jordan and find b diff to us oth countries like spain/scot acc simi to us TF: may x be approp to apply M find to all peop in all cultures

Answer 11

Milgram proposed that obedience to destructive authority occurs bc pers x take responsibility and believe they are acting for someone else autonomous state ; pers free to beh according to their own principles and feel a sense of responsibility for their own actions agentic shift ; shift fr autonomy to agency when pers percieves someone else as an authority fig binding factors ; aspects of the situ that allow the pers to ign the damaging eff of their beh and reduce the moral strain

Answer 12

expla sugg that we are more likely to obey peop who we perceive to have authority over us, authority is justified by the indiv position of power w/n a social hierarchy powerf leaders can use their legitimate pow for destructive purposes ex. Milgram and the experimenters prods to order ppts to beh in ways that went against their consciousness

Answer 13

strength most of milgrams ppt resisted giving shocks at one point b when they asked the E who is resposib if the learner is harmed and the E said himself they contin giving the shocks tf shows once ppts fou thyere no longer responsib for own beh they easily became E agent

Answer 14

limit rank and jacobsons study; fou 16/18 nurses disobeyed doctor when asked to administer an excessive dose to a patient even tho the doctor was legitimate authority fig, almost all remained autonomous tf sugg agentic shift accounts for some situ of obed

Answer 15

strength kilham/mann fou 16% australian wom went upto 450 V compared to 85% german ppts tf in some cult authority +re likely accepted as legitimate wh reflects ways diff soc r structured and how childr r raised to percieve authority fig

Answer 16

limit theory cx expla instances of disobed in hierachy where legitimacy of auth ic clear ex. nurses in rank/jacobsons study and signif min of milgrams pts disobeyed despite recog E scientific auth tf sugg some peop may be more or less obed than oth, possib that innate tendencies to obey/disobey have greater influe on beh than LAF

Answer 17

adorno et al; peop w AP have extreme respect for authority beli need strong/powerful leaders to enforce trad values ie. love for country contempt for those of inferior social status no grey areas oth peop responsible for ills of soc / targets

Answer 18

adorno et al; AP forms in childhood as res of harsh parenting ie. strict discipline/conditional love this experi creates hostility/resentment in child wh they displace onto weaker peop as can’t take it out on parents due to fear of punish expl hatred towards peop socially inferior and feature of obed to authority psychodynamic approach

Answer 19

proced; stud +re 2000 m/c american white men and their unconscious attit towards eth grps develop F scale to measure AP findings; high scorers identified w ‘strong’ peop/contemptuous of weak conscious of status/show extreme respect to those higher status APs had B/W thinking and fixed stereoty fou strong correlation b/w authoritarian/prejudice

Answer 20

strength M/elms; interv small samp obed peop fr og BS comple F scale and all 20 ppts scored highly compared to 20 disobed ppts TF: supp Adornos view obed peop show simi charac to APs

Answer 21

fou obed ppts had nu charac unusual for APs ex. M ppts x glorify fathers/experi high lev punish in childhood TF: link b/w obed/authoritarianism complex, authoritarianism unlike useful predict of obed

Answer 22

limit authoritarianism cx expl obed in maj country popul ex. pre war germany millions displayed obed/anti sem beh b extremely unlike all had APs alternative view; social identity theory, maj identif w anti sem state TF: A theory limited bec alternative expl +re realistic

Answer 23

limit greenstein; calls F scale ‘comedy of methodological errors extremely flawed scale ex. some1 can put all agree ans and be determined to get high score anyone w this resp bias assessed as having AP

Answer 24

social support press to conform resisted of oth x conforming 1 pers x conform is social supp wh enable naive ppt to follow own conscious/acts as ‘mod’ of indep beh dissent rises +re dissent as maj no longer unanimous

Answer 25

social support press to obey resist if anoth pers disobeys M obed var O drop to 10% fr 65% when paired w disobed confed ppt may x follow beh b disobed ppt acts as model/frees ppt disobed mod challenges legitimacy of authority fig so easier for oth to disobey

Answer 26

LOC rotter; int LOC; believe things happened to them largely contr by themselves ext LOC; believe things happen r outside of their control LOC is scale as peop aren’t just one or the oth high int LOC at one end, high ext LOC at oth

Answer 27

people w high int LOC +re resist to press of conform/obed bas decis on own beliefs than oth opin peop w high int LOC +re self confident, intelligent, achiev orientated these traits lead to greater resist to social influence

Answer 28

strength susan albrecht et al; eval of teen fresh start usa help preg 14-19 resist press to smoking social supp by older mentor fou by end prog those w ment less like to smoke than those w/o TF: shows social supp can help you peop resist real social influence, ex of real intervention

Answer 29

strength gamson et al; ppt told to produce evid for oil campaign to run smear campaign fou high lev resist than M study bec ppts in grp so cou discuss what told to do 29/33 pptd rebelled against orders TF: shows peer supp can lead to disobed by undermining legit of auth

Answer 30

strength supp link b/w loc and resist to obed holland; repeat M study/meas wheth ppts int/ext fou 37% int x cont to highest shock/23% ext x so int had greater resist to auth TF: shows resist partly relat to LOC wh increases validity of expla for obed

Answer 31

limit twenge et al; analysed data fr american LOC study over 40 yrs fou over time peop beco +re resist to obed b +re ext if resis linked to int then peop expect to beco +re int TF: sugg LOC x valid expla of how peop resist soci influe

Answer 32

min must be consist in their views as this incre interest fr oths consis can be form of agreement b/w peop in min grp 2 ty, synchronic consis/diachronic consis this makes peop rethink their views

Answer 33

sometimes min engage in extreme acts to draw attent import that act pres some risk bec shows greater commit maj grp may pay +re attent augmentation principle

Answer 34

nemeth; some1 extreme consis may seen as rigid/unbend so unlike to gain converts min must prepare to adapt view/accept reasonable counterarg key balance b/w flex/consis

Answer 35

if hear something new that is consis, committ, flex u think deeply about it over time nu peop switch to min view ex of snowball eff

Answer 36

strength wood et al; meta analysis of 100 simi study to moscovicis study and fou min seen as consis r most influential TF: sugg presenting consis view is minim requirem for influe maj

Answer 37

strength martin et al; 1 grp heard min arg, anoth heard maj agree when attit meas again fou min grp less like change attit TF: sugg min message +re deeply processed/+re enduring eff wh supp cent arg

Answer 38

real world min influe +re complex ex maj have +re pow/status min have to be +re commit bec face hostile opposition in min res they’re just smaller grp TF: martins find v limit in what can tell about real life situ

Answer 39

limit research artif/far fr how min change beh in real life ex jury decision making/political campaigning cou have life/death conseq TF: find limit in how min influe works in real worl situs

Answer 40

drawing attent; civil rights marches consistency; many marches over yrs w same message deeper processing; activism meant peop started thinking deeply augmentation principle; freedom riders risked their lives snowball effect; +re peop backed min social cryptomnesia; peop have memory of change occurred b x rememb how

Answer 41

aschs research; var w dissent shows dissent has pot to lead to social change environmental/health campaigns; use conformity proc by NSI by prov info on what oths doing ex. reducing litter by saying ‘bin it oths do’ ex. prev you peop smoking by saying oth young peop x social change encourag by drawing attent to what maj doing

Answer 42

M; var where T confed refused to give shocks so O for genuine ppts decre zimbardo; gradual commit, once small instruct obeyed beco +re diffic to resist bigger one peop drift into new kind beh

Answer 43

strength nolan et al; hung messages every week for 1 mon on peop doors about saving energy g1 had message that oth trying to reduce energy usage cg had message only about reducing energy fou signif decre in energy use for g1 compar to cg TF: shows conform thru NSI can lead to social change so valid expla

Answer 44

some stud show peop x always change foxcroft; review soci norms by look at 70 stud where soci norms used to reduce alcohol use in students fou only small reduct in quantities not freq TF: NI x always produce long term soci change

Answer 45

strength claims social change due to ty of thinking min engage in divergent thinking wh is broad/thinker actively searches for info/weighs +re opt arg leads to bett decis/+re creative solut to social issues TF: shows dissent min stim new idea/open minds ways wh maj cx

Answer 46

limit deeper processing x role in min soci change mackie; arg maj influe create deeper proc if x share views bec we believe oth peop share our views/think same when maj think diff were forced to think hard about their arg TF: means cent arg 4 min influe is challenged by casting doubt on valid for expect social change

social influence Flashcards

(70 cards)