social influence

Question 1

crowd and collective behaviour

Answer 1

The actions of people who have gathered together for a particular purpose the behaviour of clouds can often be spontaneous and unplanned this can sometimes be because an individual has lost a sense of personal control

Question 2

Majority influence

Answer 2

when the majority of a group tries to influence other in group to conform (yield to group pressure) to their beliefs

Question 3

Normative conformity

Answer 3

where people yield to group pressure because they want to fit in and are concerned about being rejected by others in the group however privately keep there own opinion

Question 4

Informational conformity

Answer 4

people conform because they want to be perceived as correct as they are unsure if the answer/situation usually this also changes their private belief as well at public belief

Question 5

Deindividuation

Answer 5

when people in a crowd lose their sense of individuality and feel more anonymous this can also happen if someone is wearing a uniform or costume

Question 6

Situational factions research study - background

Answer 6

1974 by Bickman the clothing people wear highlights them in a position of authority and past studies show presents of one of these authoritive figures makes conformity more likely

Question 7

Situational factions research study - aim

Answer 7

investigate degree of social power uniform has on other people

Question 8

Situational factions research study - Hypothesis

Answer 8

a uniformed guard has more ability to influence individuals than the same person in a low-authority uniform i.e. Milk man

Question 9

Situational factions research study - Experiment 1 method, design & materials

Answer 9

method- field experiment on street in Brooklyn
Design- independent measures design as participants only saw one of 3 levels of authority; milkman, civilian or guard
Materials-3 uniforms

Question 10

Situational factions research study - Experiment 1 sample

Answer 10

153 adult pedestrians age estimated 18-61 this is an opportunity sample

Question 11

Situational factions research study - Experiment 1 Procedure

Answer 11

there were 4 similar experimenters who weren’t told aim of research they completed the same amount of experimental sessions using 3 different situations (picking up bag, dine and meter & bus stop-no standing) and 3 different uniforms (civilian, milkman & guard)

Question 12

Situational factions research study - Experiment 1 Results

Answer 12

no significant difference between civilian and milk man to much greater obedience to the guard across all 3 situations

Question 13

Situational factions research study - Experiment 2 results

Answer 13

surveillance has no significant effect on obedience and the guard once again was obeyed more than the civilian

Question 14

Situational factions research study - Experiment 2 design

Answer 14

the dime and meter method was used the same as in experiment one however this time the independent variables were the uniform but only guard or civilian and the second was surveillance or non surveillance

Question 15

Situational factions research study - Experiment 2 sample

Answer 15

field experiment 48adult pedestrians estimate average age of 46 years old

Question 16

Situational factions research study - Experiment 3A design

Answer 16

data was gathered using a questionnaire by college students which had 29 scenarios including the 3 originals they asked whether these were legitimate requests from a guard, milk man or Young man

Question 17

Situational factions research study - Experiment 3A results

Answer 17

in the original scenarios the request coming from the guard didn’t make it more legitimate however in other situations they agreed the request coming from the guard was more legitimate

Question 18

Situational factions research study - Experiment 3B design &results

Answer 18

189 college students were asked to predict what people would do in the different situations with different uniforms students didn’t thing guards would have any more social power in these situations

Question 19

Situational factions research study - conclusion

Answer 19

Wearing uniform gives people more power and influence over non uniformed people
The higher status the uniform the more power it provides
How people think the will behave is not a Good predictor of how they will behave
Situational factors have an effect on obedience

Question 20

Situational factions research study - Criticisms

Answer 20

the participants were selected by opportunity sampling
The research was culturally bias
The study was unethical as participants did not know they were being studied
There was a gender bias
As it was a field experiment there was little control over extraneous variables