Social Influence : Resistance To Social Influence

Question 1

Is locus of control dispositional or situational ?

Answer 1

Dispositional

Question 2

Is social support dispositional or situational ?

Answer 2

Situational

Question 3

Locus of control

Answer 3

Degree of control which an individual feels the have

Question 4

What do internals believe ?

Answer 4

Things happen to them under their control

Question 5

What do externals believe ?

Answer 5

Things happen outside their control

Question 6

Who’s more likely to resist social pressure

Answer 6

Internals because they base decisions on their own lives and they’re more confident

Question 7

LoC evaluation : Holland +

Answer 7

• repeated milgrams study and 37% internals didn’t go to 450v

Question 8

LoC evaluation: -

Answer 8

• loc in resisting social pressure has been exaggerated so limited role
• rotter LoC only comes to play in novel situations so its only in a few situations
• on familiar situations, previous experienced will always be more important
• contradictory research
• twinge found people became more resistant to obedience but also more external but if resistance linked to LOC , should be internal
• challenges link

Question 9

What is minority influence ?

Answer 9

One person or a small group influence beliefs

Question 10

Which type of conformity does minority influence lead to ?

Answer 10

Internalisation

Question 11

How did Moscovici study minority influence ?

Answer 11

• blue slide , green slide study

- 6 people asked to judge colour of slide

Question 12

Moscovici : how many confederates ?

Answer 12

2 confederates who said slide is green on every 2/3 of trials

Question 13

Moscovici : how did participants react to confederates

Answer 13

• they answered the same wrong answer on 8.42%

Question 14

Moscovici : what happened when a second group was introduced ?

Answer 14

The second group was exposed to an inconsistent minority and agreement fell to 1.25%

Question 15

Moscovici : what happened with a third control group ?

Answer 15

No confederates and participants only got it wrong on 0.25%

Question 16

Consistency

Answer 16

• consistency increases interest from others
• can be over time
• people rethink own view
• draws attention to minority view

Question 17

Commitment

Answer 17

• extreme activity to draw attention

- sacrifice because they’re at personal risk

Question 18

Flexibility

Answer 18

• minority need to be prepared to adapt so show balance

- compromise

Question 19

• of consistency

Answer 19

You can be seen as opinionated and unbending

Question 20

Process of change

Answer 20

• if you hear something new you might take time to thinks bout it deeper

Question 21

Snowball effect

Answer 21

Switch from minority to majority and the rate of conversion becomes faster

Question 22

Social support

Answer 22

Ability to withstand social pressure to conform to the majority

Question 23

Why do people resist pressure ?

Answer 23

• They have an ally who builds confidence

- breaks the unanimity because individuals have support

Question 24

Minority influence evaluation : research support for consistency +

Answer 24

• Moscovici showed consistency had a greater effect than inconsistent opinion
• wood et al also found minorities who were consistent were more influential
• consistency plays major role in minority influence

Question 25

Minority influence evaluation : artificial tasks -

Answer 25

- tasks can be artificial - for example Moscovicis slide study isn’t realistic - far from how minorities would change behaviour in real life - lacks external validity

Question 26

Minority influence evaluation : research support for internalisation -

Answer 26

- in moscovicis study participants they answered right privately so majority were being influenced by minority argument - even if people agree they don’t publicly agree as they dint want to be associated with minorities

Question 27

Minority influence evaluation : limited real world application -

Answer 27

- clear distinction between majority and minimum so the majority have higher power / status - in real life situations majorities have more power and its more complaicated

Question 28

What is social change ?

Answer 28

- society changes its beliefs to create new social norms - happens at a gradual pace - minority influence is the main driving force

Question 29

Examples of social change

Answer 29

- Homosexuality | - drink driving

Question 30

Stages of social change

Answer 30

1. Draw attention by focusing majority 2. Minority show consistency 3. Deeper processing 4. Augmentation principle 5. Snowball effect 6 critical mass which leads to social cryptomnesia

Question 31

What is critical mass

Answer 31

Pony the minimum becomes majority

Question 32

What is social cryptomnesia

Answer 32

- people have a memory that social change occurred but they don’t remember what happened

Question 33

Conformity creating social change

Answer 33

- dissenters encourage others to dissent | - links to NSI

Question 34

Obedience creating social change

Answer 34

- disobedience can lead to social change

Question 35

Conformity maintaining social change

Answer 35

- people conform to new norms via compliance | - fit in (NSI)

Question 36

Obedience maintaining social change

Answer 36

- new social norms can have laws and rules

Question 37

Example of obedience maintaining social change

Answer 37

Homophobia is illegal

Question 38

Social influence / change evaluation : resreach support

Answer 38

- Nolan hung messages telling residents to reduce energy - first group compared to control had a significant difference - conformity can lead to social change through nsi

Question 39

Social influence / change evaluation : methodological issues -

Answer 39

- how social influence leads to social change relies on Moscovici , asch and miligram - all lack internal/external because of artificial nature - reduces validity of minority influence linked to social change

Question 40

Social influence / change evaluation : indirectly effective -

Answer 40

- decades for attitudes towards smoking and drink driving to change - nemeth that effects of minority are likely to be indirect and delayed therefore social change happened slowly - role of minorities influence may be very limited

Question 41

How does social support help people ?

Answer 41

It allows them to act according to their own conscience

Question 42

Social support : Aschs study +

Answer 42

- A confederate gave the right answer throughout and conformity dropped to 5% - when the non-conforming confederate starts conforming the participant sdoes so the effect is not long lasting

Question 43

Social support evaluation : miligram +

Answer 43

2 confederates which refused to shock and obedience dropped to 10%