social influences: family relationships Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 main parenting styles
A
- authoritarian
- authoritative
- permissive
- uninvolved
2
Q
authoritarian parenting
A
- high control/little warmth
- lots of rules, little explanation
3
Q
authoritative parenting
A
- fair degree of control and warmth
- lots of rules with explanation
4
Q
permissive parenting
A
- little control/high warmth
- minimal rules, lots of warmth
5
Q
uninvolved parenting
A
-no warmth/control
6
Q
kids w/ authoritative parents
A
more pro-social/self reliant/friendly
7
Q
kids w/ authoritarian parents
A
lower self esteem/less happy/more agressive
8
Q
kids w/ permissive parents
A
impulsive/less self control
9
Q
kids w/ uninvolved parents
A
do less well in school/more aggressive
10
Q
what parenting style do lower SES parents tend to have
A
more controlling, more punitive
11
Q
parenting in canada
A
more emphasis on warmth
12
Q
parenting in china
A
more emphasis on obedience
13
Q
parenting in latin cultures
A
high warmth and high control
14
Q
What are the 3 components of parental behaviour
A
- direct instruction
- observational learning
- feedback (reinforcement/punishment)
15
Q
negative reinforcement trap
A
accidentally reinforces bad behaviour.
16
Q
punishment works best when:
A
- immediate
- consistent
- accompanied by explanation
- administered by someone w close relationship
17
Q
physical punishment is linked to
A
more aggressive children
18
Q
harsh forms of physical punishment are linked to
A
mental health issues/impaired parent-child relationships/delayed cognitive development
19
Q
timeout
A
child sits alone without stimulation
20
Q
timein
A
adult chats w child immediately to understand situation
21
Q
longterm effect of parental marriage conflict on children
A
kids are more anxious/prone to diseases/likely to be abusive in their relationships.
22
Q
how marriage conflict affects kids
A
- undermines sense of security
- spills over into parent-child relationship
- detracts from high quality parenting
23
Q
what percent of children fare fine after divorce
A
75%
24
Q
percent of children with negative adjustment after divorce
A
25%
25
what indicates how well children will handle divorce
- if there was conflict before divorce, children respond positively to divorce
- if three was low conflict before divorce, children fare worse from divorce
26
joint custody
both parents retain legal custody of children
27
what are the 4 types of coparenting relationships
- perfect pals (12%
- cooperative colleagues (38%)
- angry associates (25%)
- fiery foes (25%)
28
perfect pals
parents maintain strong friendship after divorce, even hangout unrelated to kids
29
cooperative colleagues
civil/pleasant, only interact to parent
30
angry associates
work together somewhat, still maintain some bitterness/anger
31
fiery foes
enemies, cannot coparent
32
(unoffical) dissolved duos
one parent is absent
33
stepfamily
1 or both partners have children from prior unions
34
simple stepfamily
1 partner has prior children
35
complex stepfamily
both partners have prior children
36
challenges of stepfamilies
- ambiguous stepparent roles
- parent-child relationship predates spousal relationship
- lack of shared history
- loyalty: who to take sides with
37
why do children assume divorce si their fault
egocentrism
38
differences in LGBT-parented kids
- divide chores more evenly
- experience less conflic
- feel more compatible/intimate/satisfied
- warmer to child's needs
39
5 types of grandparents
- Influential
- Supportive
- Authority oriented
- passive
- detached
40
influential grandparents
very close to children, often perform parental roles
41
supportive grandparents
very close but don't take on parental roles
42
authority oriented grandparents
provide discipline but nothing else
43
passive grandparents
up to date w children but not close
44
detached grandparents
uninvolved.
45
what makes a grandparent more close
- proximity
- few grandchildren
- close to own children
46
grandmothers in indigenous families
supportive grandparent
47
sibling relationship benefits
perspective-taking/emotional understanding/negotiation/persuasion
48
sibling differentiation
siblings de-identify w each other by selecting different niches/personal qualities.
49
siblings get along better when
- same gander
- believe parents treat fairly
- enter adolescence
- parents get along well
- parents intervene in fights
50
parenting firstborns
more affectionate/controlling/demanding
51
firstborns
-more intelligent, more likely to go to university
52
parenting laterborns
more relaxed and realistic discipline
53
laterborns
more popular with peers and innovative
54
only children
more likely to succeed in school, have higher self-esteem
55
china's 1 child policy (1979-2016)
effective in reducing birthrate, provided economic benefits to families with only one child.
56
adverse outcomes of adoption are more likely when
- kids are adopted after infancy
| - experienced poor care before adoption
57
open-adoption
adoptees still have contact with birth families
58
effect of open-adoption
more advanced identity as an adoptee.
59
what % of teens experience sexual questioning
15
60
what's a clique
4-6 good friends, usually similar in age, sex, race, interests
61
what's a crowd
- larger, co-ed group of adults
- have similar values/attitudes
- status of crowd is linked to self esteem
62
what are the two types of social groups
cliques and crowds
63
what do most social groups usually have?
A dominance hierarchy, involving a leader.
64
What are the 5 categories of popularity
- Popular children
- Rejected children
- Controversial children
- Average children
- Neglected children
65
What causes peer pressure
- peers have high status, are friends
- standards for behaviour aren't clear
- youth are younger
66
Popular children
liked by many classmates
67
Rejected children
disliked by many classmates
68
Controversial children
liked and disliked by many classmates
69
Average children
liked and disliked by some classmates without intensity
70
Neglected children
ignored by classmates
71
What are the characteristics of a popular child
- Skilled academically and socially
| - friendly/cooperative/helpful
72
Rejected children
- Poor emotion regulation, more aggressive, hyperactive
- dislike school/feel lonely
- more likely if parents model poor conflict resolution/inconsistent discipline.
73
What percentage if children under age 5 spend time in non-parental care
46%
74
What qualifies as poor quality childcare
multiple low-quality caregivers/changing care arrangements
75
what are the benefits of children in structured activities
- Do better in school
- Less prone to drug use
- More involved in communities
76
Latchkey children
children who care for themselves after school
77
What is the legal age for leaving a kid alone in Canada
10-12
78
What things should an adult consider before leaving a kid alone
- legal age
- maturity
- child's feelings
- neighborhood
79
what percentage of 15-24 have paid employment
over 50%
80
What are the negative outcomes of a teen with a part-time job?
1. School performance suffers
2. Mental health/behaviour problems are more likely.
3. Working adolescents spend more than save, can lead to poor money management strategies
81
Benefits of a part time job in highschool
They learn to cope with stressful jobs better as adults
82
What defines the socioeconomic status of a neighbourhood?
income/education of residents
83
What defines the stability of a neighbourhood
% of residents that have lived there for several years.
84
Why do children benefit from living in economically advantaged neighbourhoods?
- Availability of resources (libraries, daycare, medical service, etc.)
- More close-knit, better supervision
- less chaotic home lives
85
What is the Family Economic Stress Model?
more economic pressure leads to more mental health problems, leads to marital stress, leads to poor parenting, leads to mental health problems in children.
86
What is the problem with families that live in chronic poverty?
More stress and fewer resources to cope with it.
87
What are some solutions for families in chronic poverty?
1. Providing institutional resources.
| 2. Providing cash supplements, increasing tax credits
88
When does school promote the best outcomes?
- Instruction is emphasized
- Achievements are recognized
- safe and nurturing
- parents are involved
- mentoring programs exist
- Progress is monitored
89
When do teachers promote the best outcomes?
- Take responsibility for student learning
- aware of pacing
- teach actively
- value tutoring
- have resources
90
What can parents do to prepare children for school?
- Teach words/numbers before kindergarten
- model effective social skills
- treat children as complex and unique
