Social Influences on Exercise Flashcards
(35 cards)
Social Influence
Real or imagined pressure to change one’s behaviour, attitudes or beliefs
Social support
Perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others
- Reflected in the size of one’s social network
- Reflected in the amount/type of support received
- Form of social influence
Types of social support
- Instrumental
- emotional
- Informational
- Companionship
- Validation
Instrumental Support
tangible and practical assistance
Emotional Support
Expressing encouragement, empathy or concern
Informational support
Providing direction, advise or suggestions
Companionship Support
Someone to do stuff with
Validation support
Comparing yourself to others to validate thoughts, feelings and experiences
Aspects of social support
- Health care providers
- Animals
- Family
- Social media
- exercise groups
- exercise leaders/ instructors
- peers
Family as a source of social support
- Consistently shown to have small positive impact on exercise behavior
- Parents influence children
- More likely to engage in exercise with spouse (shown in older adults and rehab participants)
How has exercising with a spouse effected the completion of cardiac rehab programs
completion of 90% with spouse and only 66% without spouse
Downsides of family as social support
- Greater pressure to exercise can lead to feelings of guilt for not exercising (opposite effect)
- Perception of pressure impacts perception of the activity
- Pressure = behavioral reactance, decrease effort
Behavioral Reactance
When individuals perceive significant others to be exerting social control rather than providing social support
Health care providers as a source of influence
- Credible, preferred source of information
- Practice what you preach increases credibility
- People are more likely to be active if a doctor encourages it
ACSM’s Exercise is medicine
Informational pamphlet on prescription of exercise as first line of treatment or intervention
- involved in the education of future physicians
Exercise leader/instructor as sources of influence
- Can provide all five types of social support
- Influence may depend on leadership style
- may workout with greater intensity
- increased self efficacy
What did the study on the influence of personal trainers on the training intensity
With PT increases RPE, increased training intensity and increased 1RM
Importance of leadership style
TRANSFORMATIONAL
- Cultivate positive change
- Encouraging social support
- Address participants by name
- reinforces positive behaviours, ignores mistakes
- words instructions positively
BLAND
- Neutral, no support, or encouragement
- does not use participants names
- focuses on correcting negative behaviours
- words instructions negatively
Main qualities of transformational leadership behvaiour
- Idealized influence
- Inspirational motivation
- Intellectual stimulation
- Individualized consideration
Idealized Influence
Engendering the trust and respect of others and act as a role model
Inspirational Motivation
Showing enthusiasm and optimism about what others can accomplish and articulating a compelling vision of the future
Intellectual stimulation
Engaging the rationality of others and causing them to loo at old problems in new ways
Individualized consideration
Demonstrating care and concern for others’ physical and psychological needs
How does the effects of transformational leadership and bland compare
Transformational produces greater;
- Exercise self-efficacy
- Energy and enthusiasm
- Enjoyment
- Adherence
- Intention to join exercise class in future
and less;
- Post-exercise fatigue
- concern about embarrassing oneself and trying new things
