Social Learning Theory

Question 1

The steps in observational learning are:

Answer 1

Behaviour is modelled
Observer identifies behaviour by the role model
Behaviour is observed and noted
Imitation occurs

Question 2

Whether the behaviour is repeated or not depends on

Answer 2

reinforcement or punishment

Question 3

The cognitive processes are…

Answer 3

Attention, Retention, Reproduction and Motivation

Question 4

Attention is necessary as

Answer 4

attention must be paid to the atrget behaviour for it to be learnt

Question 5

Rention is key as

Answer 5

individuals must have the cognitive ability to retain info in order for it to be imitated

Question 6

Reproduction is

Answer 6

being able to actually reproduce the behaviour, having the physical ability

Question 7

Motivation means

Answer 7

being motivated to carry out the behaviour including the right circumstances, also includes being rewarded

Question 8

Vicarious reinforcement/punishment is

Answer 8

seeing the consequences of behaviour for the role model and then choosing whether to copy that behaviour or not

Question 9

Vicarious extinction may occur if

Answer 9

the observer sees the model not being rewarded, then may stop doing it

Question 10

There are 4 aspects to vicarious reinforcement:

Answer 10

1. The modelling effect
2. The eliciting effect
3. The disinhibiting effect
4. The inhibitory effect

Question 11

The modelling effect it when people directly copy

Answer 11

a behaviour they would not have done before seeing it modelled

Question 12

The eliciting effect is when the observer copies the behaviour but

Answer 12

slightly differently

Question 13

The disinhibiting effect is when someone who would not normally carry out a particular action does so after

Answer 13

seeing someone do it with no negative consequences

Question 14

The inhibitory effect is when people stop doing something because

Answer 14

they have seen a role model punished for the behaviour

Question 15

Role models’ characteristics determine whether their

Answer 15

behaviour will be copied, usually of the same gender of the observer, a similar age and of a high status

Question 16

Models are more likely to be imitated if

Answer 16

• They are similar to the observers
• They have percieved importance/status
• The behaviour is observable