Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning explains how

Answer 1

someone can be conditioned into a response from a stimulus that is not the one that would naturally produce the response

Question 2

The stimulus is

Answer 2

what is done to the animal/human

Question 3

The response is a

Answer 3

reflex

Question 4

Forward conditioning is

Answer 4

(Best) where NS is presented before UCS, can occur in 2 ways, delayed or trace conditioning

Question 5

Delayed conditioning is

Answer 5

where there is an overlap where the NS keeps going while the UCS is introduced

Question 6

Trace conditioning is

Answer 6

where break occurs between the pairings

Question 7

Spontaneous conditioning is

Answer 7

where the NS and UCS are presented at the same time

Question 8

Backward conditioning is

Answer 8

where the USC is presented and then the NS, not as effective as forward conditioning

Question 9

Extinction is when

Answer 9

a conditioned response disappears, happens when association between UCS and CS no longer occurs

Question 10

Spontaneous recovery is when

Answer 10

the resonse reappears after extinction for no reason

Question 11

Generalisation is when the

Answer 11

conditioned response occurs in esponse to other stimuli that are similar to the origional conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Discrimination is when the

Answer 12

conditioned response only happens in response to the orgional conditioned stimulus and not anything else

Question 13

Unlike social learning theory, CC cannot explain how

Answer 13

we learn new behaviours, only how we learn how to display existing behaviours in response to different situations

Question 14

Classical conditioning can easily be demonstrated in a laboratory where

Answer 14

extraneous variables can be controlled and cause and effect can be identified

Question 15

Classical conditioning does not take into account other forms of learning behaviours such as

Answer 15

learning from the consequences of our behaviour or from observing and imitating others

Question 16

Has application to real life as it can be used

Answer 16

to treat phobias and addiciton

Question 17

It can be demonstrated in real life making it more credible like when

Answer 17

someone salivates at a box of chocolates, face validity

Question 18

The scientific nature of the experiments that investigate classical conditioning means that

Answer 18

ecological validty may be lacking and behaviours are reduced into small parts making them reductionist as the whole body isn’t taken into account

Question 19

Studies have involved the use of animals, the differences between humans and animals make the findings difficult to generalise as

Answer 19

the way a human learns a behaviour is likely to be much more complex than the way an animal learns a behaviour

Question 20

Kippin (2000) classically conditioned rats to ejaculate at the smell of almonds or lemon, male rats mated with females who either smelt of a or l and

Answer 20

eventually when presented with the smell alone they ejaculated which supports CC

Question 21

Watson and Rayner (1920) supports CC because

Answer 21

they classically conditioned a baby to have a fear of white rats

Question 22

Olson and Fazio (2001) aimed to cc attitudes, words and neutral images shown in pairs to ppts excellent/terrible, after the exp they were asked to rate how

Answer 22

positively they felt about the images, images shown with negative words were negatively rated and vice versa