Social policy and practice in Nazi Germany

Question 1

How did schools change under the Nazis?

Answer 1

• teachers joined the German Teachers League
• Nazi propaganda was integrated
• Eugenics was taught
• students identified as future Nazi leaders would be sent to special schools called Napolas

Question 2

How did universities change under the Nazis?

Answer 2

• Propaganda integrated
• top professors were chosen by the Nazis
• many lecturers were sacked due to political or racial reasons
• Nazis did not regard uni as very important so fewer people attended

Question 3

When was the Hitler Youth founded?

Answer 3

1922

Question 4

When was Hitler Youth membership made compulsory?

Answer 4

1939

Question 5

How did life change for German boys?

Answer 5

• Hitler youth meetings several times a week and special weekend camps
• learned how to fight and went on marches
• Nazis wanted to prepare the boys for their future roles as soldiers

Question 6

How did life change for German girls?

Answer 6

German league of maidens
Emphasis on how to cook well, housework and motherhood
Tough marches and attended camps

Question 7

How did the Nazis view women?

Answer 7

• they were worried about declining births
• didn’t fit with their plans to expand territory
• felt it was their patriotic duty to have many children

Question 8

What were the 3Ks?

Answer 8

Kinder, Kirche and Kuche

Question 9

What were some policies towards women?

Answer 9

• contraception banned
• women with 8 children received a gold cross
• people with bad health history were forcibly sterilised
• many women were sacked from jobs
• German women’s league

Question 10

What were the impacts of the policies?

Answer 10

• 1000s of women were stopped from chasing their careers
• birth rate increased

Question 11

Why did some Christian’s support the Nazis?

Answer 11

• Nazis believed in marriage and traditional family values that Christian’s believed in
• Hitler said he would destroy communism which appealed because communism was anti religious
• Hitler promised to respect the church

Question 12

What happened with Hitler and catholics at first?

Answer 12

He signed an agreement with the pope in 1933 to not interfere with each other

Question 13

What happened later with catholics?

Answer 13

Hitler soon broke his agreement and Catholic priests were continually harassed
1941 - Archbishop Galen openly criticised the Nazis and was put under house arrest

Question 14

How did some puritans view the Nazis positively?

Answer 14

• Hitler was admired by some Protestants called ‘German Christians’
• The leader Ludwig Muller was the first ‘Reich Bishop’
  They often wore Nazi uniforms

Question 15

How did some Protestants fight back against the Nazis?

Answer 15

• some were completely opposed so Martin Niemoller formed the Confessional Church instead
• Nazis arrested many from the Confessional Church
• Niemoller was sent to a concentration camp and the Confessional Church was banned

Question 16

What happened to other religious groups in Nazi Germany?

Answer 16

• Jehovah’s witnesses were prosecuted and many died in camps
• other religious groups prosecuted
• Jews were relentlessly prosecuted throughout Nazi rule

Question 17

Who were the ‘undesirables’?

Answer 17

Hitler’s term for people who had disabilities
At first they were prosecuted but then killed
Some were worked to death in camps

Question 18

What happened to Jewish shops?

Answer 18

They were marked with yellow stars of David and soldiers stood outside turning people away

Question 19

What other things happened to Jews before the final solution?

Answer 19

• High ranking Jews were sacked
• Nuremberg laws of 1935 banned Jewish to non-Jewish marriages

Question 20

When and what was Kristallnacht?

Answer 20

November 1938
‘The night of broken glass’
Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues weee attacked.
Many Jews were killed and some were sent to concentration camps

Question 21

What happened to Jews at the start of ww2?

Answer 21

Persecution intensified
Jews sent to live in ghettos
Execution squads (einsatzgruppen) went out to kill Jewish people

Question 22

When was the final solution decided?

Answer 22

At the Wannsee conference in 1942

Question 23

Who was in charge of the final solution?

Answer 23

Heinrich Himmler

Question 24

What was the final solution?

Answer 24

The mass extermination of all Jewish people in Europe
Became known as the holocaust
Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled and many others were killed

Question 25

What were some forms of resistance from the Jews?

Answer 25

Warsaw ghetto uprising of 1943
The Treblinka rebellion and escape in 1943
Resistance groups formed that caused havoc