Social policy and practice in Nazi germany Flashcards
(17 cards)
Schools
-teachers
-propaganda
-beliefs
-Eugenics
-important lessons
-potential Nazi leaders
-teachers had to join the German teachers league
-had to teach what Nazis wanted or were fired
-used to put forward Nazi propaganda
-Nazi beliefs were written as facts
-Race studies (Eugenics) thought that the Aryan race was superior
-Pe became important for boys to prepare for the army, and domestic skills for women to prepare for motherhood
-students identified as potential Nazi leaders were sent to Napolas (specialist academies)
Universities
-beliefs
-sacking
-training
-unimportant
-change courses to reflect Nazi beliefs
-teachers were sacked for racial or political reasons
-all students had to train as soldiers for a month each year
-Nazis believed uni wasn’t important
What were the aims of his campaigns towards the youth
To indoctrinate them
When was the Hitler youth organisation founded
1922
Hitler youth organisation
-founded in
-compulsory
-boys
-girls
-found in 1922
-all other youth groups were banned
-by 1939 membership was compulsory
Boys:
-learnt how to march, fight, fire guns and keep fit
-lots of competition, heroism and leadership
-wanted to prepare boys for their future role as soldiers
Girls:
-taught to keep fit, cook and care for babies to prepare for motherhood
Women in Weimar compared to in Nazi germany
Weimar:
-education
-rights
-birth rate
Nazi germany:
-duties
-three k’s
Weimar:
-women attended school
-many rights and freedoms
-brith rate fell due to women working
Nazi germany:
-felt it was a women’s patriotic duty to stay home, have children and support husbands
-should stick to children, church and cooking
—>widespread message
Nazi policies towards women
-work
-behaviour
-organisations
-sterilisation
-family
Work:
-women were sacked
-as it may hinder child production
-extremely discouraged
Behaviour:
-banned from certain clothes and habits like smoking
-slimming was discouraged as it could hard chances of having a baby
Organisations:
-German women’s league gave advice on cooking childcare
Sterilisation:
-Nazis believed some women were unfit to have children
-the “law for prevention of diseased offspring” allowed forcible sterilisation of women with disease, mental illness, and antisocial behaviour
Family:
-contraception and abortion was banned
-loans were given to newly married couples to have children
-motherhood medal was awarded to the women with the most children
—>eg gold cross for 8 children
Nazi control of churches and religion
-population
-careful about religion
-around the whole population was Christian
-Nazis had to be careful with how they dealt with religions because it was important in German society
Differences between Nazism and Christianity
Nazis:
-violence
-vulnerable
-aryan
-god
Christianity:
-love
-vulnerable
-equal
-God
Nazis:
-thought strength and violence were important
-hated the weak and vulnerable
-believed aryan race was superior
-Hitler was a god-like figure
Christianity:
-belived in love and forgiveness
-help the weak and vulnerable
-all people were equal in gods eyes
-belief in God
Why did Christian’s support the nazis
-marriage
-communism
-respect
-they believed in the importance of marriage and family morals, which appealed to Christian’s
-swore to destroy communism which was anti-religious
-promised to respect the church
The Nazis and Catholic Church
-cooperation
-harassment
-youth clubs
-persecution
-critisism
-at first cooperated
-he began harassing and arresting priests
-catholic youth clubs and schools were closed
-Nazis persecuted catholic priests
-catholic priests criticised the Nazis
Nazis and German protestants
-Nazi control
-quote, swastikas on …
-opposition
-pastors
-Confessional church
-some wanted to see the church under Nazi control
-“swastika on our chests and the Cross in our hearts”
-some totally opposed Hitler forming the confessional church
—>openly criticised Hitler
-arrested pastors
-confessional church was banned
Persecution of racial groups
-people viewed as inferior
-cleanse
-classed Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, black and Indian people as inferior
-Hitler wanted to cleanse Germany of these people
Persecution of “undesirables”
-meaning of term
-sterilisation
-kill
-homeless, b…, a…
-concentration camps
-gay people
-hitlers term for people with mental and physical disabilities who could not contribute to society
—>believed they wreaked Germany
-lots of people were sterilised
-Nazis began to kill them
-lots of homeless, beggars and alcoholic were sent to concentration camps
-lots of prostitutes and gay people were also sent to these camps
Early Nazi policies against Jews
-shops
-laws
-night of broken glass
-work
-school
Shops:
-Jewish shops were marked with the Star of David
-soldiers stood outside shops turning away customers
Laws:
-Nuremberg laws (1935) banned marriages between Jews and non-Jews
-German citizenship was removed
Night of broken glass:
-November 1938
-homes, synagogues and shops were attacked
-several killed and lost sent to concentration camps
Work:
-all lawyers, teachers and later doctors were sacked
School:
-forced out of German state school
-Eugenics was studied in schools
The “final solution” and its journey
Journey:
-ghettos
-execution squads
Final solution:
- Wannsee conference
- number of camps built
-holocaust
-others sent to camps
Journey:
-Jews were rounded up and forced to live in ghettos or sent to work in labour camps
-execution squads went into the countryside and shot or gassed Jews
The “final solution”:
-at the Wannsee conference Nazis planned the mass murder of all Jews in Germany
-6 death camps were built
-Jews were transported to these camps
-around 6 million killed
-known as the holocaust
-lost of others like homosexuals, gypsies, political opponents and the disabled were also sent to these camps
Summary of social policy and practice in Nazi germany
-youth
-male and female roles
-Christianity
-superior race
-Jews
-Nazis tried to indoctrinate and control the youth
—>propaganda, youth groups etc
-believed male and females has different roles
—>women as homemakers, men as soldiers
-some Christian’s supported the Nazis, most didn’t
-Hitler believed the Aryan race was superior
-wanted to exterminate all Jews in death camps
