SOCIAL PRE EXAM 💚

Question 1

What happened in Variation 7 of Milgram’s Study

Answer 1

• Telephone Instructions
• obedience fell to 20.5
• missed shocks or lowered the voltage

Question 2

What happened in variation 10 of Milgram’s study?

Answer 2

• Run down office block
• Obedience dropped to 47.5%
• ppts questioned themselves more often
• found that location impacted but wasn’t crucial

Question 3

What happened in variation 13 of Milgram’s Study?

Answer 3

• Ordinary Man condition
• Experimenter got called away
• OM suggests to the ppt to go up one volt incriment for each wrong answer (how the exp was meant to work)
• only 20% of ppts obeyed and went to 450v

Question 4

How does personality affect obedience?

Answer 4

• Internal locus of control: more likely to blame themselves
• External locus of control: more likely to blame someone else.
• Authoritarian personality: more likely to obey, scored highly on F-Scale and less likely to withdraw from Milgram’s study

Question 5

How do situational factors impact obedience?

Answer 5

• Momentum of compliance: in M’s study the shocks started small and got bigger so may have felt duty-bound to continue
• Proximity: variation 7 showed drop in obedience when instructions were given over the phone
• Status of authority figure: perception of authority figure, variation 10 may have reduced AF status when the Yale name was taken away.
• Personal responsibility: Agency Theory

Question 6

How does culture affect obedience?

Answer 6

• collectivist cultures such as China tend to be more compliant.
• individual cultures such as UK are less compliant
• different variations of Milgram’s study done in different countries showed different obedience levels - even though not all the exact same procedure.

Question 7

How does gender affect obedience?

Answer 7

• Milgram repeated study with women and still got 65% obedience
• Women stereotyped to be more compliant and less aggressive than men
• women showed higher anxiety
• version done with a puppy with real shocks and women were compliant to full voltage

Question 8

Explain realistic conflict theory

Answer 8

• theory by Sherif
• conflict happens when a limited resource is being competed for by 2 or more opposing ‘teams’
• sherif found that hostility, prejudice and discrimination would occur during this ‘competition’ from one team to the other.
• use the robbers cave experiment
• superordinate goals help reclaim harmony

Question 9

Give a strength and a weakness of RCT

Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer 9

Strength: supported by Robber’s Cave Study
Weakness: Tajfel’s experiment found that we don’t have to be involved in an external competition to be prejudiced towards someone just deem them ‘not like me’.