Social psyc Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
who is more likely to have argued that the nature of society can make people “do bad thing”
Jean Jacque roussau or thomas hobbs
A
thomas hobbs
2
Q
who believes that everyone is good and it is only their institutions that make him bad
A
Rousseau
3
Q
who believes that everyone is by nature solitary, poore, nasty and brutish
A
Hobbes
4
Q
Debates and dialogues weakness or strength
A
strength
5
Q
what is the cognitive perspective
A
perception effects behaviour
- if treat bad behaviour as a accidental = unlikely to respond aggressively
- if treat behaviour as deliberate then may respond aggressively
6
Q
what is the learning perspective
A
emphasis on principles of reinforcement
e.g. encourgement
7
Q
Motivational perspective
A
emphasis on basic human needs
8
Q
Biological perspective
A
evolutionary past and genetic disposition
9
Q
Cultural perspective
A
emphasis how culture affects social behaviour
10
Q
what are the 4 levels of explanation in social psyc
A
- intra- personal level
- inter-personal level
- inter-group level
- societal level
11
Q
intRA-personal is based on
A
what goes on inside the person
12
Q
intER-personal level
A
intERactions between two people
13
Q
Inter-group
A
based on group level behaviour
14
Q
societal level
A
cultural effects on behaviour
15
Q
what was feud the first to draw attention to
A
- the study of the unconscious
- developmental aspects of personality
- taking cures
16
Q
Hobbes claimed that a persons baser instincts were curbed by …
A
external sanctions
17
Q
feud claimed that external restraints of society were internalised during
A
Childhood
18
Q
what are the 3 subsystems involved in conflict
A
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
19
Q
ID is the
A
most primitive part of the psych
- basic erges, need to gain sexual pleasures
- angel
20
Q
EGO
A
reality principle
- satisfy the ID pragmatically in accordance with societal norms
21
Q
SUPERGO
A
moral policeman
- rules of parents and society
- punishments if rules broken
- leads to intense anxiety
22
Q
defense mechanisms
- displacement
A
impulses redirected into a different place
buring out sexual frustration while running on the tread mill
23
Q
defense mechanisms
- reaction formation
A
original wish is supplanted w/ opposite
e.g opposites attract
24
Q
defense mechanisms
projection
A
urges are projected onto others
25
defense mechanisms
isolation
awareness of memories but not emotions
e.g. isolating yourself away from emotions
26
descibe the phallic stage
(4-6yrs)
boys wants to sexually posses the mother - hating father
- fears father may find out and castrate (make hime anxious) him
27
fears father may find out and castrate (make hime anxious) him - during phallic stage leads to
castration anxiety
28
Electra complex
girl relises that she doesnt have penis - she is regarded as a catastrophe
- penis envy
- turns to father sexual atterntion - hates mother
29
what are the problems of feuds theories
1. never actually studied children
2. ideas not falsifable
3. little experimental eviden to support ideas
30
what is experimental evidence w/ feuds
1. data more appropriatly explained through other processes
2. experiments supporting feuds claims are aften flawed
31
what is a flawed expirment of feuds
claimed that threating stimuli is repressed
- threating vs non-threating words through tachistoscope
- found threathing words to longer to report = supports idea of repression
32
what is repression
unconscious blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from your conscious mind.
33
in the milgram experiment obedience was greatest when the...
learner was out out of site
34
in the milagram experiment when the teacher and learner were in the same room obedience
dropped to around 40%
35
obedience was highest when the authority figure was
close by and percieved as legitamate
36
when woman are teachers they obey ____ as much as men
just
37
_______ more likely to obey
authoritarians
38
what is self-fulfilling prophecy
peoples expectations lead them to act towards others in a way that brings about the expected behaviours - conforming there original opinion
39
Guards became ______ , the prisoners developed a sense of ______
disillusioned, efficacy
40
In the prison study, Zimbardo found, _____
Consistent with Milgram, evidence for situational factors underlying brutal behaviour
41
why was freud viewed as the modern day hobbes
he believed that the basic human condition was "seeking cauldron of pleasure seeking instincts
42
why would theiir be a conflict between instincts and demands of society
drives and impulses can never go away
think about it like a garden hose with lots of holes and water is squirting up - if you try to close them then other would just come through
43
what one of the 3 sub systems of conflict leads to anxiety
superego
44
T/F ID will not remain repressed but will always reappear
true
45
what age is oral stage
0-2 yrs
46
what ages is the anal stage
2-4years
47
what ages is the phallic stage
4-6yrs
48
what age is the latency stage
6-12yrs
49
what age is the genital stage
12+ years
50
if had problems with oral stage what would this lead to
oral fixation, smoking, drinking, thumb sucking
51
if had problems with anal stage what would this lead to
anal retentivenss, won't spend money, doesn't like giving, likes painting
52
if had problems with phallic stage what would this lead to
castration anxiety can lead to boy becoming gay
53
what did feud claim about children whose parent treat them harshly would redirect ....
aggressive instinct on to others who have less power
54
what does evidence suggest about authoritarian aggression is caused by
observatonal learning
55
what are the 3 components attiudes comprised of
1. cognitive
2. affective
3. behavioural
56
what is the bogus pipe line
1. technique of attitude measurement
2. told that is measures minute changes in their muscle
3. lie dected
57
what does electromyography measure
activity of facial muscle - emotions
e.g. electrical muscles
58
LaPiere - source of controversy invesigated what
relationship between attidues and behaviour
- chineses couple touring 50 hotels and 200 resturants
59
what 3 things does theory of planned behaviour demonstrate the relationship between attidue and behaviour
- and why many studies fail to finde relation because they don't take these factors into account
1. + attitude towards behaviour
2. noms support our attitude
3. behaviour is under our control
60
what is the support for the theory of planned behaviour
blood donation, exercise regularly, drive safely
61
what dis himmelweit found in a 15yr study
- attidue stability and change
attitudes to capital punishment did not change
62
what is one reason that attitude can change
cognitive dissonance (harshness)
- behaviour is irreversible change our attitude
63
when are we more likely to to change attitude
if the message is presensted quickly, long, without hesitation
64
when are we more likley to be influenced by attidues if the source is
if the source is trustworthy, attractive, likeable
65
emotional appeals - fear can work in circumstances where ( 2 things) - drink driving ads
1. the message evokes moderate to strong fear
2. the message provides a feasible (low cost) way to reduce the threat
66
if we are influenced by the world however stand apart from normality what is this
attitude resilience
67
can measurements of attributions be internal or external
both
68
why would someone rate more internally on the likert scale fordoing well on their maths tests
because they were cleaver
69
why would someone more externally on the likert scale on doing well on their maths test
course was was easy
70
what attributional style is this I can't seem to decide firmly on a career... this seems to be due to my unwillingness to face reality = more likely to blame themselves
pessimistic style
71
what attribution style is this : my carreer in the army has be chequered but on the whole characteristic of the army = blame others
optimistic style
72
do both optimistic and pessimistic style have negative experiences
yes
73
what are the two motivational basis of attributes
self esteem and control
74
if we behave positive then put this to own internal qualities can ____ self esteem
maintain
75
if we behave negative in some way then place this on same internal qualities then can ___ self-esteem
decrease
76
attributes can ____ control
enhance
77
why is control function not always postivie
people blame function e.g. rape etc
78
what level of analysis is this: focus on the criteria by which individuals analyse info and come to make an attribution
intra personal
79
what are the 2 main theories related to intra personal
- correspondence interence
- covariation and configuration
80
consistency, consensus or distinctiveness
if MR brown is always hostile to you
consistency,
81
consistency, consensus or distinctiveness
if other people are normally hostile to you
consensus
82
consistency, consensus or distinctiveness
if Mr Brown tends to be hostile to other people
distinctiveness
83
what level of analysis: deals with face to face attributions
interpersonal
84
what is the two main effects of inter personal
actor observer effect
self-serving bias
85
people tend to attribute the cause of their own actions to external factors, they tend to attribute the cause of others actions to internal cause. What interpersonal type is this?
actor -observer effect
86
people take credit for their successes by not their failures: what interpersonal level is this
self serving bias
87
what level of analysis is this: attributions at this level examine the way in which the members of different groups explain behaviour e.g, catholics and protestants
intergroup
88
what level of analysis is this: shows that while individuals from cultures favour dispositional explantation individuals from Non-western cultures tend to favour environment explanations
societal level
89
repeated exposure to any stimulus makes it more appealing what effect is this
mere exposure effect
90
what did mita et al claim about mere repeated exposure
we should prefer photos of our facial images as we see them in the mirror
91
Our friends should prefer a photo of us looking in the mirror or normal photo of our faces
normal photo of our faces as that is the one they see most often
92
personality differences conflict of interests etc can all lead to ___
antagonism
93
those that are emotionaly aroused rate others as more ---
attractive
94
those men that cross the scary swing bridge were more likely to what to the female experimenter that asked them questions
more likely to ask for their phone number
95
from the walster et al experiment about the students reactions to blind date what did they find
the more attractive you were rated the more your wer liked by your date
96
what are the many benefits to attractiveness
- more likely to be hired for jobs
- students get better grades
97
what social influence is this: how the physical presence of others influences our behaviour e.g. will laugh if others laugh
social facilitation
98
what drives the theory of facilitation
the presence of others leads to increased arousal
99
our performance is ___ if our dominant response is appropriate
enhanced
100
diffusion of responsibiliy: the idea that as group size increases individual responsibility ___
decreases
101
presence of other people can have a bizarre or negative effect - what is this
deindividuation
102
drecrease in ____ leads to an increase in ant-social behaviour
self awareness
103
what study incorprated the in deindividuationdue to the roles
zimbardo
104
what did the philip zimbardo prision experiment examine
how social roles affected individual behaviour (guards/ prisoners)
105
what did the prisions had to refer the guards as in the prison experiment
"mr correctional officer"
106
what role did zimbardo take on the role as
prison superintendent
107
in the 1st phase of the prison experiment (settling in) what was found
1. not fully in roles
2. guards felt akward
3. prisoners didn't take them seriously
108
in the second phase of SPE what did they find
1. guards more serious
2. 1 prionser punished into hole - prisoners came angry and din't follow orders
3. "time for revolution had come"
109
in the 3rd phase of SPE what was found
1. guards became brutal
2. prisoners intimidated
110
how many days after the SPE starting did it have to be stopped because it got out of control
6 days
111
what does the SPE suggest about ordinary people
can be transfomed by immediate context to perform brutal acts - pervasive idea
112
thoses that took part in the SPE were more... and less
authoritarina, narcissistiv and socially dominant less empathetic and altruistic
113
why don't people automativally take on roles
they need to identify with them
114
what was milgram work for the obedience study motivated by
world war 2
115
what was the purpose of the milgam experiment
to examin the effects of punishment on memory
116
why did people go to extreme on the obedience experiment
1. responsiblity was on the experimenter
2. small punishment to greater ones
3. social identity
4. experimenter was directive and seemed legit
117
what is prejuice
expression of negative affect or behaviour towards members of a group
118
what is this personality type: overly deferentia to those in authority whilst hostle towards those perceived as inferior
authoritarian personality
119
attitudes reflect the objective interests of the in-group with is this theory
realistic conflict theory
120
what is the most influential method of discrimination
minimal group paradigm
121
a scientific attempt to create an empty environment where researchers could then systemativally add varible that would elicit discrimination - what is this paradigm
minnimal goup paradigm
122
fundamental attribution error is not
inevitable
123
zajonc theory of social facilitation assumes that the presence of other
enchances welll practised response
