social psych Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define social psychology
the study of the causes and consequences of sociality
What is the *frustration-aggression hypothesis
animals aggress when their goals are frustrated
What is proactive aggression?
aggression that is planned and purposeful
What is reactive aggression?
aggression that occurs spontaneously in response to a negative affective state
what are the two methods that humans use to acquire resources?
- aggression
- cooperation
what is the common knowledge effect?
the tendency for group discussions to focus on information that all members share
What is group polarization?
the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone
what is de-individualism?
a phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less concerned with their personal values
What is kin selection?
the process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives
What is the mere exposure effect
the tendency for liking of a stimulus to increase with frequency of exposure to that stimulus
What is social cognition?
the process by which people come to understand others
what is perceptual confirmation?
the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
what is behavioral confirmation?
the tendency of targets to behave as observers expect to the behave
what is stereotype threat?
the target’s fear of confirming the observer’s negative stereotype
what is correspondence bias?
the tendency to make a dispositional attribution when we should instead make a situational attribution
what is the actor-observer effect?
the tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others
what are the three basic motivations that underlie attempts at social influence?
- hedonic motive (motivated to experience pleasure over pain)
- approval motive (motivated to be accepted)
- accuracy motive (motivated to believe what is right and to avoid being wrong)
what is the overjustification effect?
when a reward decreases a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a behavior
what is reactance?
an unpleasant feeling that arises when people feel they are being co-erced
what is a norm of reciprocity?
the unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them
what is normative influence?
a phenomenon in which another person’s behavior provides information about what is appropriate
