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Psychology > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

Milgram ✔, Bocchiaro ✔, Piliavin, Levine.

1
Q

What is the definition of the Social Area in Psychology?

A

The social area assumes that behaviour is determined by the situation and the real, imagined or implied presence of others. Our relationships with others influence our behaviour and thought processes.

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2
Q

What is self-perception?

A

Behaviour is influenced by our beliefs about how others perceive us.

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3
Q

What is social perception?

A

To explain the cause of behaviour as either having an individual or situational explanation

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4
Q

What is social interaction?

A

The context a behaviour occurs in.

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5
Q

What is social influence?

A

The impact a person can have on another.

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6
Q

What are some of the strengths in the social area?

A

Experimental realism, ecological validity and the research having practical applications making it useful.

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7
Q

What are some of the weaknesses of the social area?

A

Reductionist approach to explaining behaviour, deterministic approach, experimental approach can create demand characteristics and raises ethical issues.

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8
Q

What event occurred for Milgram to study obedience?

A

The Holocaust and trials of the Nazis.

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9
Q

What was the aim of Milgram’s study?

A

To investigate the process of obedience; to demonstrate the power of an legitimate authority figure, even when a command requires destructive behaviour.

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10
Q

What research design did Milgram use?

A

Controlled observation in a laboratory setting (not an experiment) using self report.

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11
Q

What university did Milgram’s study take place in?

A

University of Yale

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12
Q

What sampling method did Milgram use?

A

Self-selected sample, sourced through a mailshot and advert in local newspaper.

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13
Q

How many participants were used in Milgram’s study?

A

40 participants picked from 500 applicants.

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14
Q

What was the age range of Milgram’s sample?

A

20-50 years old.

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15
Q

What is a positive of Milgram’s sample?

A

All the participants came from a wide range of occupational and educational backgrounds, so able to generalise to target population.

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16
Q

What is a negative of Milgram’s sample?

A

No gender diversity.
Ethnocentric, America has an individualist culture.

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17
Q

How much were Milgram’s participants paid?

A

$4.00, plus $0.50 for car fare.

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18
Q

What materials were used In Milgram’s study?

A

A shock generator with 30 switches, ranging from 15V to 450V, in increments of 15V.

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19
Q

How many participants would go all the way to 450V according to 14 psychology students Milgram asked?

A

3% of 100 participants.

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20
Q

How many participants went to 300V in Milgram’s study?

A

100% or 40 participants.

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21
Q

How many participants went to 450V (were fully obedient), in Milgram’s study?

A

65% or 26 participants.

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22
Q

What qualitative findings were there in Milgram’s study?

A

Many participants showed nervousness and a large number showed extreme tension.

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23
Q

How many participants had “full-blown, uncontrollable seizures” in Milgram’s study?

A

3 participants.

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24
Q

What ethical issues were there in Milgram’s study?

A

Deception, participants thought the shocks were real.
Psychological harm.
Right to withdraw, participants were paid.

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25
Q

Where does Milgram fall on the nature/nurture debate?

A

Nurture, manipulation of the environment.

26
Q

Where does Milgram fall on the situational/dispositional debate?

A

Situational, prestigious University and an authority figure.

27
Q

Where does Milgram fall on the free will/determinism debate?

A

Determinism, environmentally determined.

28
Q

Is Milgram’s study scientific?

A

Is scientific, lab setting, high control of extraneous variables and has a high reliability/ repeatability.

29
Q

Is Milgram’s study useful?

A

Is useful, changed understanding of obedience and helped changes in authority structure.

30
Q

What type of data did Milgram collect?

A

Quantitative and qualitative data.

31
Q

What were participants told was the aim of Milgram’s study?

A

To see how punishment affected learning.

32
Q

What is a whistle-blower?

A

A person who reports wrongdoings to a higher authority.

33
Q

What were Bocchiaro’s predications for his study?

A

People will be more obedient than Milgram as they will not be physically hurting someone.
People are less likely to whistle-blow than obey.
People overestimate tendency to whistle-blow/ disobey.
Personality characteristics have no effect.

34
Q

What was the aim of Bocchiaro’s study?

A

To investigate how people deal with an unethical and unjust request.

35
Q

What research design did Bocchiaro use?

A

Controlled observation, in a laboratory setting.

36
Q

What university did Bocchiaro’s study take place in?

A

VU University of Amsterdam.

37
Q

What sampling method did Bocchiaro use?

A

Self-selected sample, sourced from a poster in the University cafeteria.

38
Q

How many participants did Bocchiaro use?

A

149 undergraduate students, 96 women and 53 men.

39
Q

How many participants were used in Bocchiaro’s pilot test?

A

92 students.

40
Q

How many participants were in Bocchiaro’s ‘comparison’ group?

A

138 students.

41
Q

How much were Bocchiaro’s participants paid?

A

€7 or a course credit.

42
Q

What is a positive of Bocchiaro’s sample?

A

No gender bias.

43
Q

What was the mean age of Bocchiaro’s sample?

A

20.8 years.

44
Q

What is a negative of Bocchiaro’s sample?

A

All young adults, a unique characteristic as students have fewer responsibilities than adults.
Students are more proactive in protesting.

45
Q

What materials were used in Bocchiaro’s study?

A

An ethics committee form.
Two personality tests: HEXACO-PI-R and Decomposed Measures Game test.

46
Q

What percentage of participants would obey according to the ‘comparison’ students?

Bocchiaro

A

18.8%

47
Q

What percentage of participants would disobey according to the ‘comparison’ students?

Bocchiaro

A

43.9%

48
Q

What percentage of participants would blow the whistle according to the ‘comparison’ students?

Bocchiaro

A

37.3%

49
Q

What percentage of ‘comparison’ students said they would obey?

Bocchiaro

A

3.6%

50
Q

What percentage of ‘comparison’ students said they would disobey?

Bocchiaro

A

31.9%

51
Q

What percentage of ‘comparison’ students said they would blow the whistle?

Bocchiaro

A

64.5%

52
Q

How many of the ‘real’ participants obeyed?

Bocchiaro

A

76.5%

53
Q

How many of the ‘real’ participants disobeyed?

Bocchiaro

A

14.1%

54
Q

How many of the ‘real’ particiapnts blew the whistle?

Bocchiaro

A

9.4%

55
Q

What results did Bocchiaro find that linked to personality?

A

There was no significant differences between the personality tests, although participants with more faith tended to be whistle blowers.

56
Q

What ethical issues did Bocchiaro run into?

A

Deception

57
Q

Where does Bocchiaro fall on the situational/individual debate?

A

Situational, authority figure and no evidence of personality differences.

58
Q

Where does Bocchiaro fall on the nature/nurture debate?

A

Nurture, social context and social influence.

59
Q

Is Bocchiaro’s study useful?

A

Is useful, changed our knowledge of how, when and why people can’t blow the whistle.

60
Q

Is Bocchiaro’s study scientific?

A

Is scientific, done in a laboratory setting, high levels of control and high reliability/ repeatability.

61
Q

What type of data did Bocchiaro collect?

A

Quantitative data

Psychology (6 decks)

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