Social Science Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
When did India win it’s independence?
A
1947
2
Q
The borders in South East Asia are a result of….
A
The withdrawal of the British Empire after WWII
3
Q
What is the world’s largest democracy?
A
India
4
Q
What is the population of India?
A
1.2 billion
5
Q
What is the population of Nepal?
A
31 million
6
Q
What is the population of Bangladesh?
A
166 Million
7
Q
What is the population of Bhutan?
A
734,000
8
Q
What 7 nation states make up South East Asia?
A
India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Bhutan with island states such as Sri Lanka and the Maldives
9
Q
What is the population of Sri Lanka?
A
22 million
10
Q
What is the population of the Maldives?
A
394,000
11
Q
What are the three geographic zones that the indian subcontinent is divided into?
A
Indo-Gangetic; Himalayan Mountains; and the Deccan Plateau
12
Q
When was the Deccan Plateau formed?
A
Prehistoric times
13
Q
The Deccan plateau is not a good place for …
A
Agriculture
14
Q
The Deccan plateau is mostly composed of…
A
Granite
15
Q
The Deccan plateau is kept from the coasts of India by…
A
The ghats
16
Q
The ghats are made of …
A
Granite
17
Q
Which two mountain ranges form a boundary in the a Northwest of India?
A
Kirthar and Sulaiman
18
Q
Which plateau is just beyond the Himalayan mountains?
A
The Tibetan Plateau
19
Q
The rich agrarian plain in India is the…
A
Indo-Gangetic Plain
20
Q
What is the name of the land between the Yamuna River and the Ganges?
A
The doab
21
Q
What is the name of the land where the five rivers run off?
A
Punjab
22
Q
New Delhi, India’s capital lies along which River?
A
Yamuna River
23
Q
What is the capital of Bangladesh?
A
Dhaka
24
Q
How many yearly monsoons does India have?
A
Two
25
Monsoons carry rain from where?
Indian Ocean
26
When does the first monsoon begin?
June or July
27
The first monsoon goes in which direction?
West to east
28
The second monsoon goes in which direction?
East to west
29
Which city in India is an entrepôt?
Calicut
30
Before 1947 India was under control of who?
British Colonial Government
31
When did Bangladesh gain independence?
1971
32
What is the contemporary term used to describe the Indian subcontinent before 1947?
South Asia
33
Since 2007 which organization has added Afghanistan as a part of South Asia?
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
34
In what year did Bombay change to Mumbai?
1995
35
In 2001, what did Calcutta become?
Kolkata
36
Most recently Bangalore became ____________ in 2014.
Bengaluru
37
What is colonialism?
The rule of one group of people by another without complete permission or unequal, often exploitative, terms
38
In what phase of European Colonialism was India settled?
Commercial empires of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
39
In what century were colonial governments challenged?
Twentieth century
40
What is the basic unit of world governance?
A nation-state
41
What is the collective term for a group of people living in similar areas with similar cultural backgrounds?
Nation
42
What is a state?
A governing body of a nation or group of people
43
_______ are not political or economic units.
Nations
44
The borders of countries in which two continents were determined by continental powers?
Africa and Asia
45
India is both multi-__________ and multi-_________.
Ethnic; linguistic
46
When did the Battle of Plassey take place?
1757
47
Who did the Battle of Plassey bring to India?
Britain
48
When was the Indian National Congress founded?
1885
49
What are the two great modern empires in India?
Vijayanagara and the Mughal Empire
50
What percent of India's population are Hindus?
80.5
51
What is the practice of Hindus worshipping deities in temples?
Darshan
52
Is Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?
Polytheistic
53
What are the two philosophical Vedas?
Ramayana and Mahabharata
54
Some (stupid) scholars argue that Hinduism was actually invented by who?
The British
55
In Hinduism Brahma is the _________.
Creator
56
In Hinduism Vishnu is who?
The protector
57
In Hinduism who is the destroyer?
Shiva
58
What percent of Indians worship Buddha?
0.8%
59
What percent of Indians practice Jainism?
0.4%
60
Which two religions were a critique of Hinduism?
Jainism and Buddhism
61
When was Indian emperor Ashoka born, and when did he die?
304-232 BCE
62
What does Ahimsa mean?
Non-violence
63
Who was the first person to convert to Buddhism?
Indian Emperor Ashoka
64
During what time period did Buddhism die out in India?
Medieval Period
65
Which religion has remained a continuos existence in India alongside Hinduism?
Jainism
66
Both Jainism and Hinduism criticize what?
Karma and rebirth
67
Buddhism says that the root of suffering is...
Desire
68
Jainism encourages non-action and __________.
Asceticism
69
Where is Gandhi from?
Gujarat
70
Who is from the Jain heartland?
Gandhi
71
The typical occupation for one that practices Jainism is/are...
Merchants or capitalists
72
What percent of India is Islamic?
13.4%
73
Where is the second largest Muslim population concentrated?
The Indian Subcontinent
74
Which Islamic holiday marks the end of Ramadan?
Eid Al-Fitr
75
Which country has the largest Islamic concentration?
Indonesia
76
Which country has the second largest Islamic population?
India
77
Which country has the third largest Islamic population?
Pakistan
78
What three countries combined would create the largest Islamic Population in the world?
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
79
When was Islam founded?
632 AD
80
How did Islam take root in coastal areas of India?
Trade networks
81
The Hindu caste systems discourages against _________.
Intermarriage
82
The first Indian Muslims came from...
The Mappilas fishing community
83
What is the local language of the Mappilas?
Malayalam
84
What is the name of the wooden mosque in Mappilas?
Cheraman Masjid
85
What does Jama Masjid mean?
Central Mosque
86
Where is Tamil Nadu located?
South India
87
What is the language spoken in Tamil Nadu?
Tamil
88
Sufism is often portrayed as...
Unorthodox
89
Most South Asian Muslims are...
Sunni
90
Sunni Islam follows whose legal school?
Hanafi
91
Which city in the north has a large Shia Islam population? In the south?
North: Lucknow
South: Hyderabad
92
Which Christian disciple came to India?
Thomas
93
Which religion has adherents called Parsis?
Zoroastrianism
94
What is India's fourth largest religion?
Sikhism
95
What percent of India's population are Sikhists?
1.9%
96
Caste comes from which Portuguese word?
Casta meaning lineage or breed
97
In the caste system what is a Brahmin?
A priest
98
In the caste system what are Kshatriyas?
Warriors
99
In the caste system what is Vaishyas?
Farmer or trader
100
In the caste system what is Shudras?
Laborers
101
In the caste system, what were Dalits?
They are considered untouchables
102
Which application is more significant Varna or Jati?
Jati
103
How many caste groupings does Jati contain?
Thousands
104
How specific is the Jati caste system?
Occupation specific
105
When was the Indian census initiated?
1881
106
Raj means?
Rule, in this case British Rule
107
Which great empire's decline allowed for British rule to enter India?
The Mughal Empire
108
Vijayanagara means what?
City of victory
109
Who ruled at the "city of victory"?
Sangama Kings
110
Where was the sultan located?
Delhi
111
Under who's rule did Vijayanagara reach its height?
Devaraya II
112
What expansion of the Indian Empire took place during the 16th century?
The reign of Krishna Deva Raya
113
When did Krishna Deva Raya rule?
1509-1529
114
What were the names of Krishna Deva Raya's competition?
Gajapatis and Bahmanis
115
Which three groups attacked Vijayanagara in the Battle of Talikota?
Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar
116
Which battle marked the end of Vijayanagara dominance in south India?
The Battle of Talikota
117
Vijayanagara had a very efficient _________________.
Land Revenue Collection System
118
What was the name of elite Vijayanagara warriors?
Nayakas
119
What was an important job of Nayakas?
Collecting taxes and divvying out land
120
Which ruins are now a Unesco world heritage sight?
Vijayanagara
121
What is a long term average weather pattern?
Climate
122
Variation in climate depends on what?
The amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface at a geographical location
123
Coastal region often with High humidity with little daily or seasonal fluctuations is characteristic of ...
Maritime climates
124
Interior region of a land mass often with large daily or seasonal fluctuations is characteristic of...
Continental Climates
125
Moist, mild climates with tall, green vegetation often lie on which side of a given mountain range?
The windward or coastal side
126
A harsher, arid climate with drought tolerant vegetation would lie on which side of a given mountain range?
Inland or leeward side of the mountain
127
What is the phenomenon where a moist air mass travels up one side of a mountain as it cools and condenses, (causing precipitation), then the drier air mass travels down the opposite side of the mountain?
Orographic or Rain Shadow Effect
128
Spatial patterns in __________, and __________, drive differences in vegetation.
Temperature; precipitation
129
What drives daily and seasonal patterns in a climate?
Earth's rotation on it's axis and it's revolution around the sun
130
Historical patterns over geological time scales have driven, what?
The evolution of organisms and ecosystems
131
What is the best known fluctuation in high and low pressure cells in the Earth's atmosphere?
ENSO, or El Niño Southern Oscillation
132
El Niño causes _______________ in the northwest and Midwest, and _____________ from Mexico up into California.
Warmer drier winters; wetter, cooler than average winters
133
La Niña is the ____________ of El Niño.
Opposite
134
El Niño events occur every __________.
3-7 years
135
What provides physical support for plant growth, facilitates air, nutrient and water movement to plant roots, moderates temperature, and protects from toxins?
Soil
136
Chemical weather uses what devices in order to break down materials?
Water, oxygen, and acids
137
Mechanical weathering occurs when...
The parent material begins to break down
138
What is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones in order to add nutrients to the soil?
Decomposition
139
What are the classifications of soil particles?
Gravel, sand, silt, and clay
140
The process of roots taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide is known as...
Respiration
141
How is soil formed?
In the weathering and breaking down of parent material
142
Define parent material.
The underlying rock or mineral substrate
143
When do chemical and mechanical weathering happen in comparison?
At the same time
144
What tells us a lot about the composition of soil?
Color
145
Which color soil indicates iron oxides?
Reddish and yellow-brown soils
146
Which color soil indicates manganese oxides?
Soil with a purple hue
147
What compounds cause soil to appear white?
Quartz, gypsum, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate
148
How many orders of soil are there?
12
149
What is soil texture?
The relative proportions of different-sized soil particles
150
What is the vertical layering and build up of soil over time referred to as?
Soil profile
151
In a soil profile what is the name of a layer?
A horizon
152
In a soil profile what is the surface layer referred to as?
O horizon
153
What layer is just below the O horizon and is commonly referred to as Top Soil?
A horizon
154
Which layer of soil is just below the A horizon and is commonly referred to as subsoil?
B horizon
155
Which layer of soil lies beneath the subsoil or the B horizon?
C horizon
156
In a soil profile what is the bedrock or parent material known as, and where is it located?
The R Horizon is located below the C horizon
157
What are the characteristic of Entisols?
Less developed and recent
