Social Studies Semester 2 Final Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is Social Darwinism and how did it impact imperialism?
It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples. Justified imperialism.
Describe interactions between China and Europe during the nineteenth century.
China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.
How did the triangle trade/mercantilism benefit England?
British would import raw materials and export finished goods during the nineteenth century - this enabled the British to sell their finished goods at a profit and maintain a favorable balance of trade
Describe Chinese reactions to the opium trade.
They believed that it was hypocritical that the British didn’t permit the sale of opium within their borders.
Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement
Led to mass famine after “contaminated” livestock was destroyed
Boxer Rebellion
Uprising aimed at ending foreign influence in China
Sepoy Mutiny
1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against British in India
Ghost Dance
Ritual performed by the Lakota to bring back the spirits of their ancestors and remove white settlers
What were the causes of the First World War?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism. Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources
Describe total war.
Governments mobilize large segments of their populations and economies and target their opponents’ military and economic capabilities
What were the failures of the Weimar Republic in the years after WWI?
Humiliation from the Versailles Treaty, socio political strife, hyperinflation
How did Japan change from the 1920 to the 1930s? Describe their military ambitions before WWII.
Militarization and radical nationalism - they invaded surrounding countries such as China - led to withdrawal from the League of nations due to worldwide condemnation, massive loss of civilian and military life in China
What were the major long-term effects of the global economic depression of the 1930s?
Governments began to take a more active role in their economies
Describe Hitler’s motivations for expanding the Nazi Empire before WWII.
Hitler wanted to create a “greater Germany” of Aryan, Germanic-speaking people
Isolationism
Supported by Americans before WWII, belief that a nation should not involve themselves in the affairs of other nations
Appeasement
The policy of giving in to the demands of a country in order to avert war
Non-Aggression Pact
Agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany before WWII - reassured Hitler that the Soviet Union would not attack Germany
Why was the Munich Conference considered a diplomatic failure?
British Prime Minister Chamberlain incorrectly claimed that he had made a lasting peace with Hitler - allowed Hitler to continue expansion without consequences
Why did the U.S. emerge as a superpower following the war?
The U.S. had suffered fewer casualties than European nations, the U.S. emerged from the war as an economic power, the U.S. had developed atomic weapons
What major issues did the Potsdam, Yalta, and Tehran Conferences fail to address?
They failed to adequately address concerns of the world powers and set the stage for the Cold War
What was the underlying cause of the Cold War?
Conflicting capitalist and communist ideologies
Berlin Airlift
It stopped Stalin’s attempt to take over West Berlin and was seen as a success for containment
Launching of Sputnik
It showed the Soviet Union was ahead of the United States in rocket technology and used as a propaganda victory
Korean War
The nation was divided at the 38th parallel; roughly where it had been before the conflict
