Social Thinking: 2

Question 1

awakening or activating of certain associations.

Answer 1

priming

Question 2

surface even when the stimuli are presented subliminally—too briefly to be perceived consciously

Answer 2

priming effects

Question 3

The mutual influence of bodily sensations on cognitive preferences and social judgments.

Answer 3

embodied cognition

Question 4

“Implicit” thinking that is effortless, habitual, and without awareness; roughly corresponds to “intuition.”

Answer 4

automatic processing

Question 5

“Explicit” thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious.

Answer 5

controlled processing

Question 6

The tendency to be more confident than correct; unaware of our errors

Answer 6

overconfidence phenomenon

Question 7

tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions.

Answer 7

confirmation bias

Question 8

thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgments

Answer 8

heuristics

Question 9

mental shortcuts

Answer 9

heuristics

Question 10

enable us to make routine decisions with minimal effort

Answer 10

heuristic

Question 11

The tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling (representing) a typical member.

Answer 11

representative heuristic

Question 12

A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory

Answer 12

availability heuristics

Question 13

Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn’t.

Answer 13

counterfactual thinking

Question 14

Another influence on everyday thinking is our search for order in random events, a tendency that can lead us down all sorts of wrong paths.

Answer 14

illusory thinking

Question 15

Perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists.

Answer 15

illusory correlation

Question 16

When we interact with other people, we observe only their actions and the effects those actions have.

Answer 16

attribution theory

Question 17

attach behavior to the internal state/s of the person who performed it

Answer 17

dispositional attribution

Question 18

connect behavior to factors in person’s environment

Answer 18

situational attribution

Question 19

Mistakenly attributing a behavior to the wrong source.

Answer 19

misattribution

Question 20

An effortless, automatic inference of a trait after exposure to someone’s behavior

Answer 20

spontaneous trait inference

Question 21

Tendency to overestimate the causal impact of whomever or whatever we focus our attention on.

Answer 21

focus attention bias

Question 22

Motivational factors are a person’s needs, interests, and goals.

Answer 22

motivational biases

Question 23

Tendency to take credit for acts that yield positive outcomes
Deflect blame for bad outcomes and attribute them to external causes

Answer 23

self-serving biases

Question 24

Overestimating the importance of personal factors

Answer 24

fundamental attribution error

Question 25

More weight to early information

Answer 25

primacy effect

Question 26

strongest influence to most recent information

Answer 26

recency effect

Question 27

Our impressions of people influence our behavior toward them

Answer 27

impressions as self-fulfilling

Question 28

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment. False perceptions became the reality

Answer 28

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 29

A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social

Answer 29

behavioral confirmation