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Flashcards in socialism Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is Marx’s view on Human Nature?

A

Human nature, originally fraternal and altruistic, has been contaminated by capitalism, instilling the ‘false consciousness’ of bourgeois values. Revolutionary socialism, however, will repair this.

2
Q

What is Marx’s view on The State?

A

The existing liberal-bourgeois state is a tool of the dominant capitalist class; it must be destroyed by revolution and replaced by a new socialist state: the dictatorship of the proletariat.

3
Q

What is Marx’s view on Society?

A

Capitalist society is sickeningly, yet fatally, defined by class interest and class conflict. A communist society will be the perfect ‘end of history’.

4
Q

What is Marx’s view on The Economy?

A

Capitalism is corrupt, inefficient and ultimately self-destructive. It should - and will - be replaced by and economy based on collective ownership.

5
Q

What is Luxemburg’s view on Human nature?

A

Human nature has not been damaged to the extent Marx alleged. Fraternity and altruism still flourish in working-class communities punished by capitalist economies.

6
Q

What is Luxemburg’s view on The State?

A

The existing capitalist state must be destroyed by revolution, but one arising from strike action. The replacement state should be a genuine democracy, complete with free speech and free elections.

7
Q

What is Luxemburg’s view on Society?

A

Capitalist society is class-ridden and morally indefensible, yet alternative societies, or sub-cultures, exist within downtrodden proletarian communities.

8
Q

What is Luxemburg’s view on The economy?

A

Capitalism is more resilient than Marx allowed. It’s necessary destruction, and replacement by an economy based on workers’ control, will require determination and solidarity among the proletariat.

9
Q

What is Webb’s view on Human nature?

A

The damage inflicted by capitalism upon the human psyche will be compounded only by violent revolution. Humanity needs to be guided back, gradually, to it’s original, cooperative condition.

10
Q

What is Webb’s view on the State?

A

if harnessed to universal suffrage, the existing state could be used to effect a gradual transition to socialism

11
Q

What is Webb’s view on Society?

A

The poverty and inequalities of a capitalist society continue to depress human potential while fostering regressive competition.

12
Q

What is Webb’s view on The economy?

A

A chaotic capitalist economy will gradually be replaced by one which secures for workers the full fruits of their labour, based upon a common ownership of the means of production.

13
Q

What is Crosland’s view on Human Nature?

A

Human nature has a powerful sense of ‘fairness’ and an innate objection to huge inequalities of outcome.

14
Q

What is Crosland’s view on The State?

A

Democratic socialist governments prove that the existing state can be used to effect radical, socialist change.

15
Q

What is Crosland’s view on Society?

A

Society in increasingly complicated, altered by the emergence of new social groups comprising ‘meritocratic’ managers and ‘classless’ technocrats.

16
Q

What is Crosland’s view on The economy?

A

A mixed economy, underpinned by limited public ownership and Keynesian capitalism, will finance the greater public spending necessary to secure equality.

17
Q

What is Giddens’ view on human nature

A

Human nature has been shaped by changing socio-economic conditions. The pro-fairness instinct is still present, but it now competes with a sharpened sense of individual aspiration.

18
Q

What is Giddens’ view on the state?

A

The existing liberal state should be improved, redistributing and decentralising political power while encouraging greater political participation.

19
Q

What is Giddens’ view on society

A

Society has undergone embourgeoisement - egalitarians must harness, rather than deny, these forces.

20
Q

What is Giddens’ view on the economy?

A

A neo-liberal economy, propelled by privatisation and deregulation, will provide huge tax yields. This will finance increases in public spending, which will secure greater equality of opportunity