Society 1 Flashcards
1851-1885 (28 cards)
What percentage of Britain was working class in 1851?
75%
What percentage of Britain was upper class in 1851 and how much of the total national income did they hold?
0.5% - had 27% of the national wealth
When were Jewish people granted full political rights?
1858
When were non-Christians allowed to take seat in Parliament?
1888
How many people attended Anglican churches by 1851?
3.7 million
What was the purpose of the 1832 Royal Commission?
An investigation into how to deal with poverty
What did the 1834 Poor Laws set up?
The power to join two parishes by force and get them to provide poor relief
By 1851, how many people worked in workhouses?
200,000
When was the Compulsory Vaccination Act and what did it do?
1853 - made vaccinations compulsory for all infants within 4 months of birth
When was the Local Government Act and what did it do?
1861 - required local authorities to purify their sewage before discharging it into rivers and canals
When was the Contagious Diseases Act and what did it do?
1864 - permitted the forcible registration and internal examination of any women suspected to be prostitutes
In what year were women’s suffrage societies founded in London, Edinburgh and Manchester?
1866
When was the Trade Union Congress founded and what was its purpose?
1868 - coordinate the actions of various trade unions
When was Samuel Smiles’ book ‘Self Help’ written, encouraging the poor to work harder?
1859
When was the Criminal Amendment Act and what did it do?
1871 - banned trade unions from picketing
When was the Licencing Act and what did it do?
1872 - limited the times that alcohol can be served
What did the 1870 Education Act do?
Set up school boards to set up schools in areas where they were needed - religious lessons made voluntary - school still not required
What did the 1872 Public Health Act do?
Set up health officers to deal with unsanitary conditions in urban areas - permissive
What did the 1875 Public Health Act do?
Pulled together all previously existing public health acts and made them required - most previous legislation was permissive
What did the 1875 Artisan’s Dwellings Act do?
Increased housing quality in the industrial slums - banned jerrybuilding - was not compulsory (only 10 of 81 local authorities implemented slum clearance)
What did the 1876 Education Act do?
Set up attendance committees to ensure children were in school - children were unable to get a job without providing a school certificate of attendance
What did the 1876 Merchant Seaman’s Act do?
Made regular inspections of ships by the Board of Trade required
What did the 1878 Factory Act do?
Brought all prior factory legislation into one act - children under 10 forbidden from working (with mandatory education up until that age) - children aged 10 to 14 could only work half days - limited the amount of hours women could work weekly to 56 - applied health and safety regulations
What were model unions?
A new form of trade unions, typically with a focus on one craft - had the favour of Gladstone due to peaceful methods of settling disputes
