Socio-Cultural Approach Flashcards
(30 cards)
Social Categorisation
The process by which people categorise themselves & others into differentiated groups.
Social Identification Theory
- The study of the interplay between personal and social identities.
- Aims to predict the circumstances under which individuals think of themselves as individuals or as group members.
- Considers the consequences of personal & social identities for group behaviour.
Social Comparison
A drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations by comparing oneself to other people.
In-Group vs Out-Group
Us vs Them
In-Group Bias
Favouring members of one’s in-group over out-group members.
Attention
A state of consciousness in which a person can respond to a stimulus or stimuli.
Retention
The ability to store & recall information over time.
Motivation
Learners must want to replicate the behaviour that they have observed.
Potential
Having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future.
Vicarious Reinforcement
Our tendency to repeat or imitate behaviours for which others are being rewarded.
Self-efficacy
One’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in accomplishing a task.
Stereotype
Social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes.
Illusory Correlation
People see a relationship between two variables even when there is none.
Confirmation Bias
When people tend to seek out or remember information that supports their currently held beliefs or expectations - & ignore information that contradicts these beliefs.
The Grain of Truth Hypothesis
One experience with an individual causes that conclusion to be generalised to a group
Cognitive Misers
The tendency of people to think and solve problems in simpler & less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated & more effortful ways, regardless of intelligence.
Stereotype Threat
When worry about conforming to a negative stereotype leads to underperformance on a test or other task by a member of the stereotyped group
Individualism vs Collectivism
The degree to which societies are integrated into groups & their perceived obligations and dependence on groups.
Cultural Dimensions
- The trends of behaviour in a given culture that reflect the values of that culture.
Cultural Norms
A set of rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individual ought to behave to be accepted within that group.
Gender Roles
- The sociocultural expectations that apply to individuals on the basis of their assignment to a sex category
Social Cognitive Theory
- Emphasises the critical role of self-beliefs in human cognition, motivation, & behaviour.
- We learn from observing models that receive rewards & punishment, a process known as vicarious reinforcement.
Schema
Mental representations that are used to organise our knowledge, assist recall, guide our behaviour, predict likely happenings, & help us to make sense of current experiences.
Enculturation
The process of adopting or internalising the schemas of your culture.
