Socio2

Question 1

Race is used to classify individuals or groups of people

Answer 1

racialization

Question 2

Members of this group are disadvantaged when compared with the dominant group - a group possessing more wealth, power and prestige - and have some sense of group solidarity, of belonging together

Answer 2

Minority groups

Question 3

Immigrants abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority

Answer 3

assimilation

Question 4

Max Weber made detailed studies of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancient Judaism, he wrote extensively about the impact of Christianity on the history of the West in his book called

Answer 4

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Question 5

A belief in spirits or ghosts, thought to populate the same world as human beings

Answer 5

Animism

Question 6

A belief in many gods

Answer 6

polytheistic (Hinduism

Question 7

A large group of kin, or relatives, which could include grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins living in one household

Answer 7

Extended families

Question 8

Nuclear family is

Answer 8

two generations of a family living together in one household

Question 9

Marrying someone of similar race or ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality

Answer 9

Endogamy

Question 10

Marrying someone from a different social group

Answer 10

Exogamy

Question 11

A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives

Answer 11

Polygamy

Question 12

A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands

Answer 12

polyandry

Question 13

Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple

Answer 13

Cohabiting

Question 14

Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige results

Answer 14

social inequality

Question 15

The most extreme system of social stratification, relegates people to the status of property, mainly for the purpose of providing labor for the slave owner

Answer 15

Slavery

Question 16

A form of social stratification in which status is determined by one’s family history and background and cannot be changed

Answer 16

Caste

Question 17

A system of stratification practiced primarily in capitalist societies, ranks groups of people according to their wealth, property, power, and prestige. It is also referred to by sociologists as socioeconomic status

Answer 17

Social Class

Question 18

A mobility, which is fairly common, refers to the changing of jobs within a class: a therapist who shifts careers so that he can teach college

Answer 18

lateral mobility (glossary)

Question 19

A movement up or down the social ladder, and thus is often called upward or downward mobility

Answer 19

vertical social mobility

Question 20

An angry comment is an example of … sanction

Answer 20

informal, negative

Question 21

Violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others

Answer 21

define primary deviance

Question 22

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

Answer 22

crime

Question 23

Author of structural strain theory

Answer 23

Robert Merton

Question 24

The regulation and enforcement of norms

Answer 24

social control

Question 25

The three major sociological paradigms that offer explanations for the motivation behind deviance and crime

Answer 25

functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory

Question 26

A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops the lecture and asks the student to respect others in the class by turning off the phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control.

Answer 26

informal negative sanctions

Question 27

Societies practice social control to maintain

Answer 27

the stability of society(social order)

Question 28

Amount of physical, mental, and social effort used to produce goods and services in an economy

Answer 28

Labor

Question 29

Unskilled labor

Answer 29

Does not require training

Question 30

Author of the work "The division of labour"

Answer 30

E.Durkheim

Question 31

A set of vacancies opened in a certain period at state enterprises

Answer 31

The labor market

Question 32

Causes of migration

Answer 32

Push Factors Pull Factors

Question 33

Migration by social, political or religious oppression causes

Answer 33

Push factors

Question 34

Demographic structure change is a consequence of

Answer 34

Migration

Question 35

Migration by better educational and health opportunities causes

Answer 35

Pull factors

Question 36

Movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purposes of resettling

Answer 36

Migration

Question 37

Two main authors on sociological perspectives of labor

Answer 37

By Karl Marx ByMaxWeber

Question 38

Internal migration is

Answer 38

human migration within a country

Question 39

Seasonal migration is

Answer 39

the movement of people from one place or another on a seasonal basis

Question 40

Migration by overcrowding, lack of sanitation and resource crunch causes

Answer 40

Push factors

Question 41

Formal social control is

Answer 41

Through formal controls, the state or other authorities discourage nonconformity

Question 42

Informal social control is

Answer 42

Through informal controls, our friends and intimates reward us for conformity and punish us for nonconformity

Question 43

Law of 3 stages by A. Comte

Answer 43

(1) the theological stage - fictitious (2) the metaphysical stage - abstract (3) the positive stage - scientific

Question 44

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

Answer 44

The study of society and social interaction

Question 45

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?

Answer 45

Karl Marx

Question 46

Process of learning the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participation in social institutions

Answer 46

Socialization

Question 47

The theory which focuses on how socialization reinforces unequal power arrangements

Answer 47

Conflict theory(social inequality)

Question 48

The author of the book "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"

Answer 48

М.Weber

Question 49

Macrosociology

Answer 49

studies society as a whole

Question 50

The founder of positivism in sociology is

Answer 50

Auguste Comte

Question 51

Who introduced the term "sociology" directly into scientific circulation

Answer 51

A.Comte

Question 52

A.Comte considered sociology as

Answer 52

Social physics(positivism?)

Question 53

The theory which addresses the question of social organization (structure) and how it is maintained (function).

Answer 53

Functionalism

Question 54

C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals

Answer 54

Imagination

Question 55

The process of socialization begins at the age

Answer 55

from the time a child is born, throughout life until death

Question 56

Who gave law of three stages in sociology?

Answer 56

Auguste Comte

Question 57

The author of the book "Suicide"

Answer 57

E. Durkheim

Question 58

Who created the looking-glass self theory?

Answer 58

Charles Cooley

Question 59

Which theory addresses the points of stress and conflict in society and the ways in which they contribute to social change.

Answer 59

Social conflict theory

Question 60

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?

Answer 60

Family

Question 61

Structural-functional theory

Answer 61

assumes that socialization benefits everyone

Question 62

Which theory addresses the subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which people come to develop and communicate shared meanings

Answer 62

develop and communicate shared meanings Symbolic

Question 63

Which theory addresses the subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which people come to develop and communicate shared meanings

Answer 63

develop and communicate shared meanings Symbolic

Question 64

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

Answer 64

The study of society and social interaction

Question 65

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?

Answer 65

Participant observation

Question 66

"Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?

Answer 66

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

Question 67

The property of the sample to reflect the characteristics of the general population is called

Answer 67

A sample

Question 68

The actual population selected for the research

Answer 68

The research sample(the respondents)

Question 69

Type of questions that leave respondents with a space in which to write their answers

Answer 69

Open-ended

Question 70

Type of questions that give a respondent a fix number of choices

Answer 70

Closed or close-ended question(Standardized)

Question 71

Explanation for a phenomenon based on a conjecture about the relationship between the phenomenon and one or more causal factors.

Answer 71

A hypothesis

Question 72

All people who could potentially be studied as part of the research

Answer 72

The General Population

Question 73

Methods attempt to gather detailed, rich data allowing for an in-depth understanding of individual action in the context of social life

Answer 73

Qualitative methods

Question 74

Trial run in which just a few people complete a questionnaire

Answer 74

A pilot study

Question 75

A sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included

Answer 75

Random sampling

Question 76

Group interview also can be called

Answer 76

Focus group

Question 77

Research method which can be quite inexpensive comparing with other methods

Answer 77

Content analysis

Question 78

Methods try to measure social phenomena and use mathematical models and, often, statistical analysis to explain them

Answer 78

Quantitative methods

Question 79

Type or research when we use both quantitative and qualitative methods

Answer 79

Mixed (triangulation)

Question 80

A research method in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to test theories of cause and effect

Answer 80

Experiments

Question 81

A research method in which researchers participate in their subjects’ daily life, observe daily life, or interview people in depth about their lives

Answer 81

Participant observation

Question 82

A research method that refers to the systematic examination of documents of any sort

Answer 82

Content analysis

Question 83

The process of deciding exactly how to measure a given variable is called

Answer 83

Operationalizing

Question 84

The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable

Answer 84

Сontrol group

Question 85

The group in an experiment that experiences the independent variable

Answer 85

Experimental Group

Question 86

An interrelated set of assumptions that explains observed patterns

Answer 86

Theory

Question 87

A statement about relationships that we expect to find if our theory is correct

Answer 87

Hypotheses

Question 88

Recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects

Answer 88

Snowball sampling