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Flashcards in Socioeconomic Impacts Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is the current global gambling revenue?

A

Almost 450 billion dollars.

2
Q

What are the largest contributors to global gambling revenue? (types of gambling)

A

Lotteries–>Casinos–>Gaming Machines–>betting–>US Indian Gaming–>other

3
Q

What is the current trend for net revenue from gambling in Canada recently?

A

Net revenue from government-run gambling has leveled off recently

4
Q

What are the 3 largest individual gambling markets?

A
  • Macau
  • Las Vegas
  • Singapore
5
Q

who are the 3 largest contributers to global gambling revenue?

A

1 - US (50%)
2 - Asia Pacific (30%)
3 - EMEA

6
Q

what is the problem with most prior research on socioeconomic gambling impacts?

A

its either inconsistent, inadequate, biased, or all three

7
Q

Why does gambling research end up corrupted?

A

funders for this type of research often have a vested interest in a certain outcome.

8
Q

Where should socioeconomic research funding come from?

A
  • independent agencies without a vested interest in the outcome
9
Q

What are some economic indices to gambling?

A
  • government revenue
  • public services
  • regulatory costs
  • infrastructure value
  • infrastructure costs
  • business starts and failures
  • business revenue
  • personal income
  • property values
10
Q

What are some social indices linked to gambling?

A
  • problem gambling
  • crime
  • employment
  • socioeconomic inequality
  • leisure activity
  • public attitudes
  • quality of life
  • social capital
  • values
11
Q

What metric is best used to capture economic changes from gambling? what metric is best for social changes?

A
  • MONEY for ECONOMIC

- %CHANGES in divorce, crime, suicide, etc. for SOCIAL

12
Q

What is the problem with traditional cost-benefit analysis for gambling? or anything for that matter?

A
  • It is difficult to apply $$$ to Social Changes.

- requires everything to be a cost or benefit, some things are just changes

13
Q

what is the best method for measuring socioeconomic changes from gambling?

A
  • a profile of impacts with several different indices

- this approach makes the overall impact depend on the relative importance of each index

14
Q

What 3 ways can gambling represent a true economic benefit to an economy?

A
  • influx of money/assets from outside jurisdiction
  • increases value of existing assets
  • increases utilization of existing capital
15
Q

What is the problem with pre-post studies on gambling? how do we avoid this?

A
  • they ignore the multitude of economic and social forces at work that are not because of gambling
  • use a economically, socially, and demographically similar community as a control that did not receive a new gambling venue.
16
Q

What are some reliable economic impacts from the introduction of new gambling?

A
  • increase in government revenue
  • increase in public services
  • increase in regulatory costs (usually much less than the revenue that government gains from gambling)
  • construction of new gambling venues reliably adds to physical assets and wealth of a community
  • increase in infrastructure costs * usually offset by revenue and increased infrastructure value
  • increase in business revenue, new starts, and employment * local patronage has negative impacts on a wide range of other businesses
17
Q

What are some reliable social impacts from increased gambling?

A
  • increase in PG for the first few years
  • decrease in illegal gambling
  • no real impact on crime
  • lower income people consistently spend proportionally more of their income on gambling.
  • offers entertainment value and additional leisure option to general populace
  • positive impacts for North American Aboriginal communities with successful casinos.
18
Q

What are government and business leaders attitudes towards gambling generally like? What about the general populace?

A
  • government and business leaders have positive attitudes about gambling impacts
  • general populace tends to have negative opinions about gambling impacts
  • males, young people, and heavy gamblers have more positive opinions
19
Q

What are 9 variables that mediate gambling impacts?

A
  • size of change in gambling availablity
  • type of gambling introduced
  • length of time gambling has already been available
  • local vs out-of-region patrons
  • strength of policies in place to mitigate negative effects
  • baseline levels of community impoverishment
  • length of time impacts are examined
  • how gambling revenue is distributed
20
Q

What is the impact of gambling on any given jurisdiction?

A
  • ranges from small to large
  • depends on jurisdiction
  • for the most part, MIXED
  • **- positive economic impacts offset by a range of mild to moderate negative social impacts.
21
Q

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GAMBLING
 Socioeconomic research funding needs to come from independent agencies without a vested interest in the outcome.
 A wide net must be cast to capture and report all potential economic and social variables that may be impacted.
 Need to use a metric that best captures the impact. Money is most appropriate for most economic changes, as well as social changes with clear monetary costs (e.g., police time, treatment cost)
 However, other social impacts will be best captured and described in more straightforward ways (e.g., % change in divorces, suicides, crime, etc.).
 Monetary changes with clear ‘costs’ and ‘gains’ can be combined into an aggregate measure (classical CBA). Other changes (e.g., % increase in crime; % increase in suicides) are best reported as they are and NOT combined.
 End result is a PROFILE OF IMPACTS with several different indices

A

 Socioeconomic analyses should examine the geographic ‘magnitude’ of the impact and to estimate both community-specific costs/benefits, and macro, regional impacts. Patronage origin provides some guidance about how large a geographic range to study.
 Need to document prior gambling opportunities and socioeconomic effects for several years before the opening of the new gambling venue as well as for several years after.
 Use both pre-post and control community comparisons.
 The best impact studies are ones that over sample subpopulations most at risk for being impacted so that these subpopulation impacts can also be examined.
 Need to qualify results as being specific to the type of gambling
 Results need to be qualified as being specific to the jurisdiction studied.
 Results need to be qualified as being specific to the time period studied.
 Results need to speak both to changes from baseline and changes relative to what the current situation would likely be without gambling.