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Crim > sociological theories > Flashcards

sociological theories Flashcards

1
Q

functionalism

A

everything in society has its function even crime

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2
Q

how does society work according to functionalism?

A

society works best when everyone follows the social norms

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3
Q

socialisation in functionalism

A

norms need to reinforced
you need to be socialised to avoid crime
the less socialised you are the more likely to be anti-social
learn through family
law reinforces values

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4
Q

collective conscience in functionalism

A

a collective conscience is shared in society but criminals do not share the same values

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5
Q

what happens when proper socialisation does not occur

A

an anomie will occur (moral confusion)

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6
Q

crime is inevitable what does that mean?

A

too much crime is bad
no crime means society won’t develop

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7
Q

how does crime affect society?

A

adaption and change
boundary maintenance
‘safety valve’

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8
Q

what does functionalism not give?

A

does not explain why crime happens

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9
Q

strain theory

A

based on the American dream

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10
Q

what are the 5 strategies developed when looking at strain theory?

A

conformity
innovation
ritualism
retreatism
rebellion

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11
Q

conformity

A

comply to the rules and use legitimate means to achieve goals

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12
Q

innovation

A

develop illegitimate means which leads to deviance or crime

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13
Q

ritualism

A

going by rules but not expecting to succeed

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14
Q

retreatism

A

giving up on goals

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15
Q

rebellion

A

giving up on mainstream goals and creating their own

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16
Q

American dream and strain theory

A

everyone wants to succeed and do better creating competition and strain

17
Q

what is Marxism

A

looks at the society and social class division

18
Q

bourgeoisie

A

the ruling class

19
Q

what are the 2 class divisions

A

bourgeoisie
proletariat

20
Q

proletariat

A

the working class

21
Q

what are the 3 explanations of crime for Marxism

A

capitalism is criminogenic
selective law making and enforcement
ideological function of the law/state

22
Q

capitalism is criminogenic

A

inequality and poverty causes vandalism as well as creating envy and greed

23
Q

selective law making and enforcement

A

law reflects the ruling classes the higher classes are under-policed and the lower classes are over-policed

24
Q

ideological function of the law/state

A

ideological status appears and defined by ruling class means social control so benefits themselves

25
Q

labelling theory

A

looks at why actions are deviant not why groups commit crimes

26
Q

what are the 3 main consequences of labelling

A

deviancy amplification (crime increases by public reaction)
self-fulfilling prophecy (expecting someone being criminal can push them to do it)
deviant careers and ‘master status’

27
Q

deviant careers and ‘master status’ steps

A

1) public labelling can lead to social rejection
2) may encourage further deviance
3) accepting label - deviant career may emerge
4) the label can become a master status and may ignore others not in a deviant group

28
Q

right realism

A

supports capitalist views and believe crime is due to people and aim to make crime harder to commit

29
Q

what are right realisms explanation of crime

A

biological factors
socialisation
rational choice

30
Q

solutions for crime according to right realism

A

situational crime prevention
environmental crime prevention
target hardening
zero tolerance

31
Q

biological factors (right realism)

A

blame the individual and blame crime as a mix of biological and social factors

32
Q

socialisation (right realism)

A

blames the lower classes for not socialising their children properly

33
Q

rational choice (right realism)

A

people think rationally about why they commit crimes so criminals foresee little risk of being caught and weak punishments

34
Q

left realism

A

blames society to be divided by capitalism

35
Q

what are the 3 explanations of crime? (left realism)

A

relative deprivation
marginalism
subculture

36
Q

relative deprivation (left realism)

A

crime is caused by poverty itself due to the media people can see just how poor they are and can lead to resentment

37
Q

marginalism (left realism)

A

certain groups find themselves on the edge of society and may feel powerless

38
Q

subculture (left realism)

A

groups in society possess their own values so they may form a deviant subculture

39
Q

2 main solutions (left realism)

A

intervention
community based approaches

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