Sociology Culture & Socialisation- SOCIALISATION Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is culture and socialisation?
• Culture is learned behaviour, not something we’re born with.
• Socialisation is how we learn the rules, values, and ways of our society.
What is primary socialisation?
What is secondary socialisation?
What is tertiary socialisation?
• Happens at home with family
• We learn basic rules, values, and roles from parents and relatives
• Happens outside family, like at school, with friends, media, or religion • We learn how to behave in wider society • Happens in adulthood • We learn to handle new situations, like being a parent, changing jobs, or retiring
What is formal socialisation?
What is informal socialisation?
• Learning rules on purpose
• Example: being taught to listen to teachers at school
• Learning by watching others and through life experiences • Not taught directly
What is social control?
What is formal social control?
What is informal social control?
• Ways to make sure people follow rules and behave properly
• Strict, written rules with punishments if broken • Example: Breaking the law leads to prison • Unwritten rules like washing and being polite • If you break them, people may ignore or reject you
What happens in primary socialisation?
Why is primary socialisation important?
*. Children learn basic rules, values, and how to behave in society.
• They also learn their identity, like gender and ethnicity.
• It helps make us human. • Without it (like in feral children), kids don’t learn to act like humans.
How do children learn in primary socialisation?
- Imitation – watching and copying others.
- Role Models – copying people they look up to (like parents).
- Sanctions – getting praise (positive) or punishment (negative) for behaviour.
- Expectations – parents may expect boys and girls to do different things.
What did Parsons say about primary socialisation?
• It creates value consensus (shared beliefs).
• These values become part of our personality.
• Helps keep society ordered and makes people behave in similar ways.
What did Parsons believe about marriage roles?
• Parsons said men and women have different roles in the family.
• Men should be the instrumental leader (provide and protect).
• Women should be the expressive leader (care for emotions and family).
How do parents teach children culture?
- Protect them and teach manners.
- Teach rules and traditions (like Bonfire night).
- Use sanctions – reward good, punish bad.
- Act as role models – kids copy parents and family.
What do Functionalists think about socialisation?
• Children learn like sponges, copying everything from family.
• Socialisation is a one-way process (adults teach, kids listen).
• They don’t think kids have free will.
What is “pester power”?
• Kids ask parents for toys or treats because of adverts.
• Parents find it hard to say no.
• This shows kids can also influence parents.
What do Marxists think about socialisation?
• Socialisation helps the rich stay in power.
• Families teach kids to accept roles that limit them.
• The family passes down the ideas of the rich (called ideology).
What is Bourdieu’s idea of cultural capital and habitus?
• Rich families give kids cultural capital (like books, visits).
• This helps them do better in life.
• Kids learn the habits, accents, manners of their class, called habitus.
How do Interactionists like Gerald Handel see socialisation?
• Kids have free will and don’t always accept what they’re taught.
• Different kids experience socialisation in different ways (by class, gender, race).
• Children can be shaped in many ways.
What 3 things do kids learn in socialisation, according to Handel?
- Empathy- understand others’ feelings.
- Communication – use language and symbols.
- Identity – know who they are (called “self”).
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Flashcard 7
Front: What is the “looking-glass self”?
Back:
• People see themselves based on how they think others see them.
• This idea was from Cooley (1929).
What is the “looking-glass self”?
• People see themselves based on how they think others see them.
• This idea was from Cooley (1929).
What do Radical Feminists say about socialisation?
• It teaches girls and boys different roles to keep men in power (patriarchy).
• Private patriarchy happens at home (like housework, violence).
• Public patriarchy happens in schools, work, media.
How does the peer group socialise differently?
• Kids help make the rules, not just follow them.
• They want fun now (immediate rewards).
• Sometimes, peer group rules clash with family rules.
What is peer pressure?
• When people change behaviour to fit in.
• Can make people act in ways they wouldn’t normally.
• Fear of rejection is a strong control from peers.
What is the “hidden curriculum” in school?
• Things kids learn at school without being told directly.
• Example: rules, respect, being on time.
• Helps kids learn how to live in society.
What did Durkheim and Parsons say about school?
• Durkheim: School is like a small version of society.
• Parsons: School is a bridge between family and society rules.
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
*School mostly teaches European and white history.
• Can make other groups feel left out or unimportant.
What did Feminists say about schools?
• Old books showed women in house jobs only.
• This made girls think these were their only roles.
What did Marxist Althusser say about schools?
• Schools teach kids to accept unfair rules.
• If they fail, they think it’s their own fault, not society’s.
• Schools help keep rich people in power.
