sociology past paper redo paper 1

Question 1

how do schools promote competition between students (4)

Answer 1

-setting and streaming

-merit systems

-exams + tests

-entrance exams

Question 2

how is the education system patriarchal (6)
atleast 3 points!

Answer 2

-exam system reform(2015:
reduced coursework

-gendered subjects

-double standards (teacher bias)

-patriarchal hierarchy(powerful teachers usually men)

Question 3

how do relationships in school lead to antischool subcultures(10)
-sociologists!

Answer 3

labelling (becker)

setting/streaming

cultural capital (bourdeiu)

ethnocentric curriculum (ball)

Question 4

evaluate whether marketisation policies have increased diversity in the education system(30)
-sociologists and evaluations!!

Answer 4

league tables / cream skimming

parentocracy (chubb and moe) / myth of parentocracy (hidden costs of education - tanner)

privatisation of education (specialised schools and independent curriculums and teaching styles/ national curriculum lead to ‘teaching to test’)

free schools(schools run outside of local council)

privatisation in education (schools choose students based off academic achievement)

Question 5

Outline two similarities between the functionalist and Marxist views of education(4)

Answer 5

• secondary socialisation
• education performs a economic role

-structural theories

Question 6

three critisisms of marketisation policies in education(6)

Answer 6

-league tables measure what’s easy t record missing out key factors such as future outcomes and personal development of everyday skills

• myth of parentocracy
• money spent on marketing instead of direct education
• increased testing causes more SFP

-leads to education triage

-increases inequality(wealthy parents benefit from free school choice)o

Question 7

analyse two ways that the hidden curriculum may
help to reproduce the social class structure(10)

Answer 7

ISA - althusser
correspondence principle - bowles and gintis

antischool subcultures - willis
Bourdieu - cultural capital

Question 8

evaluate the importance of
cultural factors in explaining patterns of educational achievement (30)

Answer 8

cultural capital - Bourdieu / deterministic fuller study

ethnocentric curriculum - ball / hastings (2006) black and asian students more likely to make process than white students

labelling - becker / sewell study (same as fuller for black boys)

language codes - bernstein / language is not a issue after 16 (bollard and driver)

Parental attitudes (Douglas) / deterministic

Question 9

Outline two factors external to schools that may affect social class differences in
educational achievement(4)

Answer 9

-cultural capital
-material deprivation
-language codes
-parental attitudes

Question 10

Outline three functions that the education system performs for society (6)

Answer 10

• secondary socialisation
  -role allocation
  -increase human capital

Question 11

analyse two ways in which marketisation policies
have led to schools being run like businesses(10)
][

Answer 11

parentocracy :
-chubb and moe

league tables:
-Ball (schools have to fight for students)

Question 12

evaluate sociological
explanations of gender differences in educational achievement.(20)

Answer 12

labelling :
-becker / fuller

ISA:
-althusser / outdated

role allocation:
-davis and moore / sewell

womens priorities has shifted:
-sharpe / overgeneralised (traditional)

Question 13

Outline two material factors that may affect social class differences in educational
achievement(4)

Answer 13

• hidden costs of school
• hidden costs of subjects

-overcrowding

-parents busy working

Question 14

What is a social fact

Answer 14

Ways of thinking that are caused by coercion

Question 14

Outline three reasons why government education policies aimed at raising
educational achievement among disadvantaged groups may not always succeed

Answer 14

• may lead to stigmas being created around students with policy leading to less uptake (e.g. FSM)
• m/c may take advantage of these policies
• policies cannot overtake w/c capital

Question 15

analyse two reasons why pupils from some
minority ethnic groups achieve above average results in school(10)

Answer 15

cultural capital:
- bourdieu

parents education:
- douglas
m/c parenting styles

Question 16

evaluate the view that
gender differences in both subject choice and educational achievement are
mainly the result of the influence of wider society(30)

Answer 16

changing gender roles:
- sue sharpe / over generalised

bedroom culture:
- mcrobbie / outdated

role models:
- archer - economically active mother / though working, STEM subjects are still male dominated

role allocation:
- davis + moore / women in stem

Question 17

Outline two ways in which globalisation may have had an influence on educational
policies in the UK(4)
][

Answer 17

internet allows for more access to resources:
covid home learning policies

league tables for schools on global level:
international comparison of standards

Question 18

Outline three reasons why some working-class boys join anti-school subcultures (6)

Answer 18

labelling
social pressure
w/c ethos

Question 19

analyse two ways in which teaching and learning in schools may affect the educational experiences of minority ethnic groups(10)

Answer 19

labelling - becker
educational triage - gillborn and youdell

Question 20

evaluate the view that the education system is meritocratic(30)

Answer 20

myth of meritocracy - bowles and gintis
role allocation - davis and moore
labelling - willis
correspondence principle - bowles and gintis
educational triage - gillbourn and youdell
symbolic violence - bourdieu