Sociology Test #3

Question 1

the division of groups arranged in a social hierarchy

Answer 1

social stratification

Question 2

the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of society

Answer 2

social inequality

Question 3

what are the two stratification systems?

Answer 3

1. open stratification system

2. closed stratification system

Question 4

a system based on individual achievement and allows movement up or down the hierarchy (known as social mobility)

Answer 4

open stratification system

Question 5

movement up or down the hierarchy limited by ascribed statuses (no social mobility)

Answer 5

closed stratification system

Question 6

2 types of social mobility

Answer 6

1. Intragenerational

2. intergenerational

Question 7

movement from one level of the social hierarchy to another within the same generation

Answer 7

intragenerational

Question 8

movement from one level of the social hierarchy to another across generations

Answer 8

intergenerational

Question 9

• The most extreme form of stratification

- Based on the legal ownership of people

Answer 9

slavery

Question 10

does not allow for social mobility

Profitable for the slave owner who exploited the slaves’ labor

Answer 10

closed stratification system

Question 11

people can become slaves through:

Answer 11

• Inability to repay debt
• Warfare
• Punishment for a crime
• Capture/Kidnapping

Question 12

Status is determined by one’s family history and background

Answer 12

Caste

Question 13

____ is a closed stratification system because there is no social mobility

Answer 13

Caste

Question 14

castes may be differentiated by:

Answer 14

• economics
• politics
• religion
• skin color

Question 15

members must do what within their caste?

Answer 15

marry

Question 16

how is caste statuses passed?

Answer 16

one generation to the next

Question 17

open stratification system

Answer 17

Social class

Question 18

A system of stratification based on access to such resources as wealth, property, power, and prestige

Answer 18

social class

Question 19

common in capitalist societies

Answer 19

social class

Question 20

a measure of an individual’s place within a social class system

Answer 20

socioeconomic status

Question 21

socioeconomic status is an example of what?

Answer 21

social class

Question 22

socioeconomic status also takes into account ____ along with income

Answer 22

education and occupation

Question 23

We think the of the stratification is based mainly on income - money received from work or investments; however , it is also based on wealth, prestige, and power in addition to income

Answer 23

John Oliver wealth gap

Question 24

an abundance of economic assets and material possessions that a person or family own, including property and income

Answer 24

wealth

Question 25

define "cumulative" a characteristic of wealth

Answer 25

- it increases over time - passed from one generation to the next - ensures economic security and future prosperity - not used by necessities

Question 26

"studies of income inequality suggest that a black middle class is emerging... however, when you take wealth into account, the existence of a black middle-class is 'highly questionable'

Answer 26

oliver & shapiro: black wealth vs white wealth

Question 27

respect, recognition, or regard to attached social problems

Answer 27

prestige

Question 28

what is prestige based on?

Answer 28

wealth, family background, power, occupation, accomplishments

Question 29

the ability of individuals or groups to achieve goals, control events, and maintain influence over others despite opposition

Answer 29

power

Question 30

what is power based on?

Answer 30

social class, custom/tradition, charisma, particular occupations

Question 31

what does C. Wright Mills say about "Power Elite"?

Answer 31

a small tightly knit group of white men who make all of the important decisions in American society

Question 32

what does C. Wright Mills say about "Power Elite"?

Answer 32

a small tightly knit group of white men who make all of the important decisions in American society

Question 33

What is race?

Answer 33

a socially constructed category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people

Question 34

the process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories

Answer 34

racial formation

Question 35

the meaning of race is defined and contested in society through collective action and personal practice

Answer 35

race is also a performance

Question 36

makes race seem natural and common sense

Answer 36

race as a performance

Question 37

rule that requires americans to believe that anyone who is known to have an african ancestor is considered black

Answer 37

hypo-decent

Question 38

presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group

Answer 38

passing

Question 39

skin color stratification is a process that privileges light skinned people of color over dark in areas such as income, education, housing and the marriage market

Answer 39

colorism

Question 40

fear of foreigners

Answer 40

xenophobia

Question 41

a socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor

Answer 41

ethnicity

Question 42

an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life

Answer 42

symbolic ethnicity

Question 43

an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or canceled depending on its usefulness in a given situation

Answer 43

situational ethnicity

Question 44

an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or canceled depending on its usefulness in a given situation

Answer 44

situational ethnicity

Question 45

a set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group

Answer 45

racism

Question 46

an idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group

Answer 46

prejudice