SOCR EXAM 1 Soil groups

Question 1

Horizon: Organic matter above mineral soil

Answer 1

Horizon: O

Question 2

Horizon: Highly Decomposed

Answer 2

Oa

Question 3

Horizon: Intermediate decomposed

Answer 3

Horizon: Oe

Question 4

Horizon: Slightly decomposed

Answer 4

Horizon: Oi

Question 5

Horizon: Topsoil, upper portion, darkened by organic matter

Answer 5

Horizon: A

Question 6

Horizon: Eluviation- leaching removed clays and metal oxides leaving it a light color

Answer 6

Horizon: E

Question 7

Horizon: Illuviation- clay and organic matter from (A&E) accumulate

Answer 7

Horizon: B

Question 8

Horizon: Parent material, unconsolidated

Answer 8

Horizon: C

Question 9

Soil Order: contants illuvial clay (Bt), AG productive

Answer 9

ALFisol

Question 10

Soil Order: mild weathering on volcanic ejecta, consists of volcanic materials

Answer 10

ANDisols

Question 11

Soil Order: Dry soil (desert)

Answer 11

arIDisols

Question 12

Soil Order: young soil, little to no profile development. Often in floodpains only has A and C horizons

Answer 12

ENTisols

Question 13

Soil Order: very cold (permafrost)

Answer 13

gELisols

Question 14

Soil Order: deep accumulation of OM, wet conditions, >20% humus

Answer 14

hISTisols

Question 15

Soil Order: young soil with some development and a weak B horizon

Answer 15

incEPTesol

Question 16

Soil Order: very dark due to OM, typically formed in grasslands, AG productive soils

Answer 16

mOLLisols

Question 17

Soil Order: Tropical, Fe + Al oxides, lower fertility, red, most highly weathered soil.

Answer 17

OXisols

Question 18

Soil Order: Cool, wet, sandy, acid, coniferous forests or tropical, low pH

Answer 18

spODosols

Question 19

Soil Order: wet usually warm forests, acid silicate and Fe + Al oxides, low pH

Answer 19

ULTisols

Question 20

Soil Order: dry season, high activity clays, skrink/ swell

Answer 20

vERTisols

Question 21

Epipedons: High OM O horizon, often wet, low density soil (ex: peat)

Answer 21

Histic (O)

Question 22

Epipedons: Thick, dark colored, fertile A horizon, high based saturation, well developed structure, high pH

Answer 22

Mollic (A)

Question 23

Epipedons: Too light colored, low organic content or thin, may be hard and massive when dry because its in arid areas

Answer 23

Ochric (A)

Question 24

Epipedons: Dark A horizon but acidic, lower pH, base saturation less than 50%

Answer 24

Umbric (A)

Question 25

Endopedons: Highly leached, white colored E horizon

Answer 25

Albic (E)

Question 26

Endopedons: Bt horizon of illuvial clay accumulation. Has 20% greater clay content than the soil above it

Answer 26

Argillic (Bt)

Question 27

Endopedons: Horizon with accumulation of CaCO3, Bk or Ck

Answer 27

Calcic (Bk)

Question 28

Endopedons: Weakly developed horizon (Bw). Soils shows alteration from parent material.

Answer 28

Cambric (Bw, Bg)

Question 29

Endopedons: high in sodium endopedon

Answer 29

Natric (Btn)

Question 30

Endopedons: Highly weathered (oxidezed) red horizon (bo) abundant in Fe + Al oxides

Answer 30

Oxic (Bo)

Question 31

Endopedons: Acidic, illuvial accumulation of humus and AL (Bhs) usually found in coniferous forest soils

Answer 31

Spodic (Bh,Bs)

Question 32

Endopedons: (E)

Answer 32

Albic

Question 33

Endopedons: (Bt)

Answer 33

Argillic

Question 34

Endopedons: (Bk/Ck)

Answer 34

Calcic

Question 35

Endopedons: (Bw/Bg)

Answer 35

Cambic

Question 36

Endopedons: (Btn)

Answer 36

Natric

Question 37

Endopedons: (Bo)

Answer 37

Oxic

Question 38

Endopedons: (Bh/Bs)

Answer 38

Spodic