Sodium

Question 1

Most abundant in ECF

Answer 1

Sodium

Question 2

Major Extracellular Cation

Answer 2

Sodium

Question 3

Sodium is regulated by

Answer 3

active transport of K, Na ATPase ion pump

Question 4

K,Na ATPase ion pump process involves movement of

Answer 4

PISO
3 Sodium out; 2 Potassium In

Question 5

Plasma concentration is dependent in

Answer 5

Renal regulation

Question 6

Major contributor in Plasma osmolality

Answer 6

Sodium

Question 7

During intake of water in response to thirst what happens in plasma osmolality

Answer 7

Increased Na level = Increased Plasma osmolality

Question 7

During intake of water in response to thirst what happens in plasma osmolality

Answer 7

Increased Na level = Increased Plasma osmolality

Question 8

What happens when there is an excretion of Na affected by AVP

Answer 8

During water loss, plasma volume decreases = increased sodium level in plasma

AVP will then REABSORBED H20 to normalize sodium plasma concentration

Question 9

The plasma volume level determines

Answer 9

how much sodium is reabsorbed/retained/excreted by kidneys

Question 10

Responsible for REABSORPTION OF SODIUM

Answer 10

Aldosterone

Question 11

Increased excretion of Aldosterone is made by

Answer 11

Angiotensin II

Question 12

Increased EXCRETION OF SODIUM is made by

Answer 12

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

Question 13

Plasma sodium level is dependent in

Answer 13

Homeostasis

Question 14

For volume and movement of fluid

Answer 14

Sodium

Question 15

Myocardial rhythm and movement

Answer 15

Potassium

Question 16

the test usually combined with Sodium (ER REQUEST)

Answer 16

Potassium

Question 17

Treatment for low K and Na

Answer 17

Purple NSS w/ K and Na

Question 18

Reference value for Na

Answer 18

135-145 mmol/L

Question 19

CSF value of Na

Answer 19

136-150 mmol/L

Question 20

> 160 mmol/L

Answer 20

Hypernatremia

Question 21

< 120 mmol/L

Answer 21

Hyponatremia

Question 22

Causes of Hyponatremia ( Increase Sodium Loss )

Answer 22

• Hypoaldrenalism (dec aldosterone)
• Ketonuria
• Potassium Deficiency
• Salt-losing nephropathy
• Prolonged diarrhea and vomiting
• Dieuretic use (Thiazide)

Question 23

Causes of Hyponatremia ( Inc. Water retention )

Answer 23

• Renal failure (Diluted Na)
• Nephrotic syndrome (Dec COP-PV, Inc AVP)
• CHF, Hepatic Cirrhosis

Question 24

Causes of Hyponatremia: (Water Imbalance)

Answer 24

- SIADH ( Inc AVP, Inc Water Retention) - Pseudohyponatremia

Question 25

Low osmolality characteristics

Answer 25

Increased Sodium Loss Increased water retention Dilute Na

Question 26

Normal osmolality conditions are observed in

Answer 26

Increased in non-sodium cation lithium excess Increased gamma globulin Severe hyperkalemia Severe hypermagnesemia Severe hypercalcemia Pseudohyponatremia Hyperlipidemia Hyperproteinemia

Question 27

High osmolality characteristics

Answer 27

other solute concentration is too high

Question 28

High osmolality is observed in

Answer 28

Hyperglycemia Mannitol infusion

Question 29

Causes of Hypernatremia (Sodium loss)

Answer 29

Diabetes insipidus ( DEC AVP) Renal tubular disorder (dec urine concentration) prolonged diarrhea Severe burns Sweat

Question 30

Causes of Hypernatremia (Dec water intake)

Answer 30

Old/Infant/Mental retardation

Question 31

Causes of Hyponatremia (Inc water intake; Water retention)

Answer 31

Cushing Syndrome (Inc Na reabsorption) Hyperaldrenalism (DEC AVP) Hypertonic Salt solution

Question 32

Serum top

Answer 32

red top

Question 33

Plasma top

Answer 33

Green top (Lithium/Ammonium heparin, Lithium oxalate