sodium stearate - anderson

Question 1

name of soap we study

Answer 1

sodium stearate

Question 2

chemical formula of sodium stearate

Answer 2

C18H35NaO2

Question 3

what fatty acid makes up sodium stearate

Answer 3

stearic acid

Question 4

what are fatty acids made of

Answer 4

hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable oils, or membrane phospholipids and have a long aliphatic chain and a carboxylic acid group

Question 5

how many carbon atoms do most fatty acids contain

Answer 5

between 12 and 20

even numbers

Question 6

three most abundant fatty acids

Answer 6

palmatic, stearic and oleic

Question 7

how many carbons in palmatic acid

Answer 7

16

Question 8

how many carbons in stearic acid

Answer 8

18

Question 9

how many carbons in oleic acid

Answer 9

18

Question 10

how many double bonds in stearic acid

Answer 10

0

Question 11

how many double bonds in palmatic acid

Answer 11

0

Question 12

how many double bonds in oleic acid

Answer 12

1

Question 13

difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 13

unsaturated have at least 1 double bond

lower melting points than saturated

Question 14

which isomer dominates in double bonds on fatty acids

Answer 14

cis isomer

Question 15

how do fatty acids exist biologically

Answer 15

as triesters of glycerol

Question 16

what causes a stereogenic centre on a triglyceride

Answer 16

if the top and bottom fatty acid aren’t identical

Question 17

reaction name for making soap

Answer 17

saponification

Question 18

base for making soap

Answer 18

NaOH (lye) or sodium carbonate (soda ash)

Question 19

what does leaving in the glycerol cause

Answer 19

softer more mushy soap

Question 20

final step in making soap

Answer 20

adding perfume and colour

Question 21

when was first evidence of soap

Answer 21

babylon 2800BC

Question 22

what was soap made from in 500BC

Answer 22

uhulu - ashes
cypress - oil
sesame - seed oil

Question 23

what sort of soap did romans use in the baths

Answer 23

made using lye leached from ash

Question 24

when is soap making in england invented

Answer 24

1200 AD

Question 25

when are artisinal soaps around in france

Answer 25

16th century

Question 26

what was the soap tax

Answer 26

introduced in 1665-1714

tax on soap so only rich could use it

Question 27

when was leblanc patent for making soda ash

Answer 27

1791

Question 28

when was sodium hydroxide discovered

Answer 28

1807

Question 29

who establishes the basis of fat and soap chemistry

Answer 29

1810

Question 30

when was unilever founded

Answer 30

1886

Question 31

what was made in 1807

Answer 31

andrew pear’s transparent soap

Question 32

what does soap form in water

Answer 32

micelles

Question 33

what are surfactant molecules

Answer 33

they absorb at surface or interface causing decrease in surface tension making water wetter

Question 34

how does soap clean

Answer 34

oil dissolves in hydrophobic part of micelle

bacteria washed away physically

Question 35

how many hospital acquired infections at a time

Answer 35

1.4 million

Question 36

how much does it improve child mortality in the developing word to wash hands

Answer 36

50% of diarrheal diseases deaths reduced

quarter of respiratory deaths reduced