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infos final > Software > Flashcards

Software Flashcards

1
Q

What does digital infrastructure consist of?

A

distributed computing and software/ the internet/ cloud computing/ blockchain and web3

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2
Q

What is computer systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task?

A

distributed computing and software

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3
Q

the infrastrucutre behind modern computer networks

A

the internet

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4
Q

emergiing computer architectural model/// delivery of different services thorugh the internet

A

cloud copmuting

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5
Q

emerging technology enabling the next version of the world wide web

A

blockchain and web3

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6
Q

A form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task
example is the world wide web

A

distributed computing

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7
Q

the architecture behind most distributed computing

A

client-server system

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8
Q

client-server model as applied to an internet-based application

A

web service

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9
Q

programs that request something, your web browser

A

clients

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10
Q

programs that deliver/ serve something to satisfy a request

A

servers

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11
Q

___ of this system, code need to be diviided between the client software and server software

A

client-server system

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12
Q

any program that makes itself available to other programs over the internet using HTTP as a transfer protocol

A

web service

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13
Q

an example of the client-server model being applied to the internet

A

web service

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14
Q

is this is the computer programs

A

software

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15
Q

this runs the software from the moment it is powered up

A

hardware

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16
Q

whatre the two types of software

A

system and application

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17
Q

this type of software controls hardware, must be written for the hardware, operating systems like windows, OS x, chrome

A

system software

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18
Q

users use it to do stuff, must be written for the operating systems like windows, OS X, chrome

A

applicaiton software

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19
Q

this is usually written by humans in the computer language like python, swift, java, javascript, COBOL, MATLAB

A

source code

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20
Q

to execute source code, it first has to be converted int o

A

object code

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21
Q

———- convert a program all at one, creating, for example an .exe file on a windows machine

A

compliers

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22
Q

——converts a program “one line at. atime” as it is

A

interpreters

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23
Q

for authoring, maintaining and testing source code

A

software: IDE

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24
Q

most professional programmers/data scientists use __________ to write code and manage resources

A

integrated development environment

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25
Q

________ is an approach to software development where building applications and related processes entail little to no coding

A

low-code

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26
Q

the development of _______ is paid for and controlled by some person, firm, organization

A

properietary software

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27
Q

this is held by a party and is NOT available to the public

A

Intellectual property

28
Q

IP owner commonly restricrs use of its IP through various schemes for software licenses

A

single machine, multiple machine, site, time-limited

29
Q

this is typically developed by a community

A

open-source software

30
Q

volunteer developers with little or no commericial interest in the product// sometimes organizations will provide substantial development and maintenance resources for an OSS project

A

open source software

31
Q

how widespread is OSS adoption?

A

72% of companies frequently use open-source for non-commericial or internal reasons and 55% use open source for commerical prodcuts
- 20% of companies contribute code to an OSS project, so any company you will join ery likely use OSS

32
Q

what are principles of open-source software distribution

A

no discrimination and technology neutral

33
Q

license is availbe to any entity and any endeavor/field

A

no discrimination

34
Q

license is free of technology or interface restrictions

A

technology neutral

35
Q

work based on or derived from one or more already existing works

A

derivative works

36
Q

the original developer must always be acknowledged

A

oss derivative works

37
Q

a user can modify the software as they see fit

A

OSS derivative works

38
Q

distriution of original and derived OSS may be restricted by OSS license

A

OSS derivative works

39
Q

OSS license types:

A
  • copyleft license
    -permissive free software licenses
40
Q

what does cpoyleft licenses

A

same rights

41
Q

permissive free software licenses:

A

different rights

42
Q

practice of granting the right to create and distribute derivatie works with the requirement that is bound by the same rights associated with the original work

A

copyleft licenses

43
Q

allows modified versions of the software/code to be distribued under terms different than the original sfotware/code

A

permissive free licenses

44
Q

less restrictive on redistribution than copyleft

A

permissive free licenses

45
Q

minimal restrictions. requires rhat all copied/adapted code retain the BSD license noice

A

BSD License (berkeley software distribution)

46
Q

part of android mobile oS code. you may release parts of the code you modify under any license you want

A

apache license

47
Q

oss development can harness the creativity of thousands of developers aorund the globe- depends on the community

A

access to latest innovations

48
Q

more vulnerabilities may be identified and corrected since the code is open( depends on the community)

A

security and quality

49
Q

since code is available, it may be modified by the customer or third parties to fit the specific needs of a firm without reliance on a specific vendor- depends on the community and he wuality of the code

A

ability to customize

50
Q

switching costs may be lower than those of proprietary software if formats/process are compatible

A

limited lock-in (more agility and better time to market)

51
Q

offer the OSS for free but modularize key add-on functionality for enterprise users in proprietary modeules that you can charge for

A

open-source

52
Q

offer a fully-managed verison of the OSS so users can quickly “spin up” an instance to try it or deploy into production. All advantages of Saas apply for the client

A

hosting

53
Q

sell deployment and integratoin services, production-oriented “insurance policies”, certified binaries, training, bug fixes, etc to businesses deploying the product. Red is the most notable success

A

support

54
Q

mozilla foundation, supports firefox

A

seek donations

55
Q

form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task

A

distributed computing

56
Q

a program that fulfills the requests of a client

A

server

57
Q

a software program that makes request of a server program

A

client

58
Q

software that houses and serves business logic for use by multiple applications

A

application server

59
Q

small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, and permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network

A

web services

60
Q

programminng hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perfom a task such as send or recieve data

A

APIs

61
Q

robust set of web services built around an organization processes and procedures

A

service-oriented architecure (SOA)

62
Q

products and services that allow for the developement and integration of software products and other complementary oods

A

platforms

63
Q

tagging language that can be used to identify data fields made available for use by other applications

A

extensible markup language

64
Q

popular data interchange format, JSON is a technology standard often used to format data when being sent or received via APIs

A

Javascript object notation

65
Q

also known as “hardened”. Term used to describe technology products that contain particularly strong security feature

A

security-focused

66
Q

ability to either handle increasing workloads or to be easily expanded to manage workload

A

scalability

infos final (7 decks)

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