Geography > Soil resources > Flashcards

Soil resources Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

topmost layer of Earth’s land surface

A

Soil

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2
Q

from what are soils derived and by what process?

A
  1. from parent rock material

2. process of wear and tear

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3
Q

Decomposed vegetal and animal remains

A

Humus

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4
Q

Constituents of soil

A

humus, Silica.clay and sand

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5
Q

strength of soil to support plant life

A

Soil fertility

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6
Q

____ improves soil structure and fertility

A

Organic matter

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7
Q

Residual/sedimentary soil is also known as __________

A

In situ soil

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8
Q

what is in situ soil and example….

A
  1. formed in original position by breakup of parent rocks

2. Red soil,desert soil,black soil

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9
Q

transported soil is also called

A

ex situ soil

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10
Q

What is ex situ soil and example…

A
  1. soil transported by various agents
  2. no well defined profile
  3. alluvial soil
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11
Q

How are alluvial soils formed?

A

by the sediments brought down by rivers

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12
Q

what do the rivers deposit in the plains during their journey

A

alluvium

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13
Q

alluvial soil is also known as _________.

it is known so because…..

A

Riverine soil as it is mainly found in river basins

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14
Q

alluvial soils occupy ___ of the land area

A

40%

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15
Q

entire Northern plains consist of ____ soil

A

Alluvial

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16
Q

Three river systems which deposit alluvial soil ______

A

indus, ganga, brahmaputra

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17
Q

two types of alluvial soil

A

bhangar and khadar

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18
Q

_____ is older alluvium and composed of ______ called _______

A

Bhangar ,lime nodules, kankar

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19
Q

bhangar has a ______ composition

A

clayey

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20
Q

_______ is newer alluvium

A

Khadar

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21
Q

why is alluvial soil the most important in India

A

It contributes the largest share to agricultural wealth of India

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22
Q

Coastal alluvium is of _____ origin

A

Tidal

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23
Q

In the upper reaches of river valley…. soil is __________ and the particles are ____

A

coarse,large , non uniform

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24
Q

in the lower parts of the river valley…. soil is ____ and ____

A

small and uniform

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25
How is alluvial soil ...
light and porous | easily tillable
26
alluvial soil is rich in what minerals
potash, lime
27
alluvial soil is deficient in _______
nitrogen and humus
28
what crops can be grown in alluvial soil ( RSTW and 2 other )
Rice Sugarcane Tobacco Wheat Gram and oil seeds
29
What are some names for black soil?
Regur soil Black cotton soil Lava soil
30
How is black soil formed
denudation of volcanic rocks
31
Distribution of alluvial soil
Northern plains coastal strips of India plains of Gujarat ( sideways V and gujarat) - map
32
Distribution of black soil - (the two states where palam has resided and the P's )
Deccan lava tract - AP UP MP TN - maharashtra karnataka middle of India ( for map)
33
nature of black soil
fine textured and clayey
34
black soil is rich in ____
Lime, iron, magnesium
35
black soil is poor in ______
P,N and Humus
36
soil which has self aeration capacity and moisture stores in subsoil
black soil
37
crops grown in blacks soil
COTTON cereals oilseeds citrus fruits ( orange/sweet lime/lemon)
38
Main feature of black soil
highly moisture retentive | expands when wet and shrinks when dry
39
moisture retentiveness makes black soil suitable for
dry farming
40
how is red soil formed
prolonged weathering of old crystalline rocks
41
how does red soil differ from place to place
basis of parent rock material and climatic conditions
42
why is red soil red in color?
contains large amounts of ferric oxides
43
second largest soil group in India
Red soil
44
distribution of red soil
plateau region of India and some parts of the branch wing of NE India like Nagaland encircles the entire black soil region
45
is red soil porous or not?
yes it is porous, loose and aerated
46
Which soil is not fertile but responds to fertilisers?
Red soil
47
red soil is poor in ____
N,P,K organic matter
48
Red soil looks ____ when it is hydrated form
Yellow
49
why is red soil ideal for dry farming
formed in poor rainfall areas
50
crops which can be grown in red soil
Vegetables, rice, ragi, tobacco | groundnuts and potatoes also
51
how is laterite soil formed?
leaching due to tropical rains
52
What is leaching?
process in which nutrients get percolated down below the soil due to heavy rain
53
leaching is also known as ___
desilication
54
two types of laterites
Low land laterites and upland laterites
55
what is upland and lowland laterites
upland laterite - formed over hills and uplands - residual | lowland laterite - transported upland laterite
56
what compounds are not washed away during leaching
aluminium compounds
57
distribution of laterite soil
highland areas of the Peninsular plateau - Sahyadris -eastern Ghats Rajmahal hills
58
nature of laterite soil
- coarse texture - soft - friable - porous
59
laterite soil color
red due to ferric oxides
60
Laterite soil is poor in ___, ____ and ______
lime,magnesium and nitrogen
61
does laterite soil retain moisture?
no and so it is not fertile
62
what crops does laterite soil suit?
tapioca, cashewnut, tea, coffee
63
what is laterite soil normally used for
building purposes
64
is laterite soil basic/acidic and why?
acidic as alkalis are leached
65
what is soil erosion?
removal of topsoil cover by water, wind and human activities
66
types of soil erosion by water
``` sheet erosion rill erosion gully erosion stream bank erosion sea/shore erosion leaching ```
67
name a place where gully erosion can be seen? ( not our streets)
Chambal Valley region
68
soil erosion causes due to human action
1. overgrazing 2. loss of vegetation cover 3. shifting cultivation
69
how do soil particles sized > 0.5 mm move and what is it called?
rolling- soil creep
70
how do soil particles sized 0.1 - 0.5 mm move and what is it called?
bouncing- saltation
71
how do soil particles sized < 0.1 mm move and what is it called?
detach in wind - suspension
72
where is overgrazing most prevalent in India?
Rajasthan
73
Percentage of forest cover in India
21.54 % of total area
74
farmers plant trees in several rows to check wind erosion.. this is called as_____
wind breaks
75
Three nutrients for basic plant nourishment
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium

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