Soils Flashcards
(48 cards)
The major factors affecting them formation of soil are
relief, parent material, climate, vegetation and other life-forms and time.
Horizon A’ is the topmost
zone,
where organic materials have got
incorporated with the mineral matter,
nutrients and water, which are necessary for
the growth of plants
Horixon B has some
organic matter in it, although the mineral matter is noticeably weathered.
‘Horizon C’ is composed
of the loose parent material
This layer is the first stage in
the soil formation process and
‘Horizon C’
fertile soil is called
Urvara
Sterile soil is called
Usara
Soil Survey of India, established in , made
comprehensive studies of soils in selected areas
like in the Damodar Valley
1956
The NationalBureau of Soil Survey and the Land Use
Planning an Institute under the control of
the
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Region of Alluvial soi
northern plains, and river valleys
Nature of Alluvial soil
Sandy loam to clay
Alluvial soil is rich in
potash
Alluvial soil is poor in
Phosphorous
Khadar and bhangar are types of
Alluvial soil
The colour of the alluvial soils varies from
the
light grey to ash grey
Black soil covers m
ost of the Deccan Plateau which includes parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Tamil Nadu
Nature of black soil
clayey, deep and impermeable.
character of black soil soil
low absorption and loss of moisture
self ploughing soil
black soil
the black soils are rich in . Th
lime, iron, magnesia and alumina, potash
the black soils lack in
phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter
Red soil develops on
crystalline igneous rocks
in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and
southern part of the Deccan Plateau
Along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghat, long stretch of area is occupied by
red loamy soil
Yellow and red soils are also found in parts ofn
Odisha and
Chattisgarh and in the southern parts of the
middle Ganga plai
