Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y13 Population and the Environment > Soils > Flashcards

Soils Flashcards

1
Q

How are soil horizons labelled?

A

O, A, B, C, R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the O horizon in soils?

A

organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the A horizon in soils?

A

Topsoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the B horizon in soils?

A

Subsoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the C horizon in soils?

A

Unconsolidated material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the R horizon in soils?

A

Bedrock/parent material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are Vertisols found?

A

SE Asia, in tropical monsoon climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are Gelisols found?

A

polar tundra climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percentage of the World’s population is supported by gelisols?

A

0.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What % of the Earth’s surface is gelisols?

A

13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What % of particles in vertisols are clay-sized?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What feature of clay soils makes them suitable for rice farming?

A

impermeable when saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do vertisols mix?

A

shrinking and swelling due to varying dry and wet climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do gelisols mix?

A

cryoturbation
frozen soil freezes and melts, when it melts, nutrients and soil can move across horizons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What % of the Earth’s surface is vertisols?

A

2.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does soil impact agriculture?

A
  • determines type of crops that can be grown and whether crops can be grown at all
  • determines the time-taken and the need for human intervention (TFP)
  • impact vulnerability to change
17
Q

What do gelisols store?

A

carbon

18
Q

What are the 2 main types of soil erosion?

A

water and wind

19
Q

What are the 4 types of water soil erosion?

A
  • sheet
  • gully
  • rill
  • river bank
20
Q

What are the 4 types of wind soil erosion?

A
  • saltation
  • abrasion and attrition
  • suspension
  • creep
21
Q

When does wind erosion occur?

A

when force exerted by wind is greater than gravity and the cohesive forces acting on the soils

22
Q

How much damage does wind cause in the Great Plains of the USA per year?

A

30million ha

23
Q

How much soil has been eroded annually? How has this impacted agriculture?

A

75 million tonnes = 9 million ha in productivity

24
Q

What are the impacts of soil erosion on agriculture?

A
  • need more inputs
  • crops damaged due to sediments in the wind
  • loss of nutrients and fertilisers
25
Q

What are the environmental impacts of soil erosion?

A
  • eutrophication
  • change in the turbidity of water
  • damage marine life and ecosystems
26
Q

How much does planting trees reduce wind erosion by?

A

12 times the height of the tree is protected

27
Q

What are the 3 solutions to soil problems?

A

Crop rotation
Tiles to drain the soil
Afforestation

Y13 Population and the Environment (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions