soils part 2

Question 1

what is the smalles of the Protozoa

Answer 1

Flagellates

Question 2

how many soil orders are there

Answer 2

12

Question 2

what are endogeic species

Answer 2

upper soil species of earthworms - not permenant burrows

Question 3

what are epigeic species

Answer 3

surface soil and litter species of earthworms - small and adaptable

Question 4

Ultisols *

Answer 4

well developed soils with a relatively fine-textured subsoil horizon that has a base saturation of less than 35 %

Question 4

Vertisols

Answer 4

soils with more than 30 % clay which appreciably expand upon wetting and contrast upon drying

Question 4

when are bacteria more competitive?

Answer 4

when labile (esy to metabolize) substrates are present

Question 4

what di fungi usually grow as?

Answer 4

long threas or strands called hyphae

Question 6

what can nematodes be used for

Answer 6

indicators of soil quality because they respond to changes in moisture and temperature

Question 7

Oxisols*

Answer 7

highly weather soils of the tropics

Question 7

what do mutualists do

Answer 7

colonize plant roots (add nutrients in exchange for carbon dioxide)

Question 7

forests are observed to increase in _____ as ______ increases

Answer 7

productivity … fungal biomass

Question 7

what are Protozoa

Answer 7

single celled animals

Question 7

how many athropods will a square yard of soil contain

Answer 7

500 - 200000

Question 8

andisols

Answer 8

soilds of volcanic orgin

Question 8

what is the middle sized protozoa

Answer 8

amoebae

Question 10

what do earthworms do?

Answer 10

stimulate microbial activity, mix and aggregate soil. Increas infiltration, improve water holding capcity, provide channels for toot growth, and bury and shred plant residue

Question 11

what is the other name for decomposers

Answer 11

saprophytic fungi

Question 13

based on biomass what are the most predominant group of soil invertibrates in the soil

Answer 13

earthworms

Question 14

what are nematodes

Answer 14

nonsegmented worms

Question 15

Histosols *

Answer 15

soils composed of relatively think(usually 16 inches or more) organic materials (muck and peats)

Question 17

what is responsible for the fresh smell of soil?

Answer 17

Actinomycetes

Question 18

what type of soils suppress nitrifyinh bacteria

Answer 18

forest soils

Question 20

where are the majority of all soil species confined to

Answer 20

the top 3 inches

Question 21

what are the six categories of the soil taxonomic system

Answer 21

order, suborder, great group, sub group, family, and series

Question 22

what are anthropods

Answer 22

jointed body invertebrates that have an exoskeleton == bugs

Question 23

Saprophytic fungi are commonly active around what

Answer 23

woody plant residue

Question 25

what do nematodes do

Answer 25

nutrient cycling, Grazing, dispersal of microbes, food source, disease suppression

Question 26

what do protozoa do

Answer 26

play an important role in mineralizing nurtrients release ammonium (NH4+) and regulate bacteria populations

Question 27

Entisols \*

Answer 27

soils with little or no horizon development

Question 28

what do earth worms help with

Answer 28

water pollution by run off and they can till soil instead of machines which can improve soil structure and life

Question 30

where are nematodes

Answer 30

concentrated. More common in coarser textured soils because they move in soils --- more common in forests then grass lands then agricultural areas

Question 31

what is the other name for mutualists

Answer 31

mycorrhizal fungi

Question 32

aridisols

Answer 32

dry soils that occur in arid or semi-arid regions

Question 32

what do denitrifying bacteria do?

Answer 32

convert nitrate to nitrogen (N2) or nitrous oxide (N20) gas

Question 33

Inceptisols \*

Answer 33

soils of humid regions with profile development sufficient to exclude them from the Entisols, but insufficient to include them is spodosols, Ultisols, or other well developed soils. Soils that appear to be like Mollisols but have less than 50 % or more base saturation may also be Incepticsols

Question 34

Alfisols\*

Answer 34

well developed soils with a relatively fine-textured subsoil horizon that has a base saturation of 35 % or more

Question 35

what are endomycorrhizae associated with

Answer 35

root cells and grasses and shrubs

Question 36

what is the most important family of earthworms in enhancing agricultural soil

Answer 36

lumbricidae

Question 38

what are anecic species

Answer 38

deep burrowing species of earthworm - permanent burrow systems

Question 40

what are ectomycorrhizae associated with

Answer 40

trees and the surface

Question 41

Gelosols

Answer 41

soils of cold climates influenced by permafrost

Question 43

what do nitrifying bateria do?

Answer 43

change ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-) then to Nitrate (NO3-)

Question 44

Spodosols \*

Answer 44

soils with a spodic horison (a dark-colored subhorizon with a mixture of organic matter and aluminum, with or with out iron)

Question 45

what are shredders

Answer 45

chew up dead plant matter as they eat bateria and fungi

Question 46

mollisols \*

Answer 46

Soild with think (usually 10 inches or more), dark surfaces that have a base saturation of 50 % or more in the surface soil.

Question 47

how many soil orders are found in florida

Answer 47

7

Question 48

what are masses of Hyphae called?

Answer 48

rhizomorphs

Question 49

what is the largest Protozoa

Answer 49

Ciliates

Question 50

what do antropods do

Answer 50

shred organic material, stimulate microbial activity, mix microbes with food, mineralize plant nutrients, enhance soil aggregation , burrow , stimulate the succession of species, and control pests