SOL REVIEW

Question 1

What is Prehistory?

Answer 1

Time prior to the creation of written language.

Also known as the Stone Age.

Question 2

What do archaeologists study?

Answer 2

Remains of past people and cultures.

Question 3

What method do archaeologists use to determine the age of an object?

Answer 3

Carbon dating.

Question 4

What do anthropologists study?

Answer 4

The customs and characteristics of people within societies.

Question 5

Who was the earliest modern human?

Answer 5

Homo Sapiens, also known as Neanderthal man.

Question 6

When did Homo Sapiens first appear?

Answer 6

100,000-400,000 years ago in Africa.

Question 7

How did Neanderthal man migrate?

Answer 7

From Africa to Europe, Australia, and the Americas.

Question 8

What type of lifestyle did prehistoric people live?

Answer 8

They lived in clans and hunted/gathered their food.

Question 9

What does nomadic mean?

Answer 9

Moved around following their food sources.

Question 10

What did hunter-gatherers invent?

Answer 10

Simple tools and weapons.

Question 11

What was a significant development in the Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 11

Humans learned to farm.

Question 12

What did the Agricultural Revolution lead to?

Answer 12

The transition from food gathering to food producing.

Question 13

What did humans begin to domesticate during the Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 13

Animals like cows, goats, and pigs.

Question 14

What are some advancements that came from agriculture?

Answer 14

Advanced tools, pottery, weaving skills, and permanent settlements.

Question 15

What is Stonehenge?

Answer 15

An archaeological site in England started in the Neolithic Age and completed in the Bronze Age.

Question 16

What are Aleppo and Jericho known for?

Answer 16

Early cities that developed in the Fertile Crescent.

Question 17

What is Catalhoyuk?

Answer 17

A Neolithic settlement currently being excavated by archaeologists in Anatolia (Turkey).

Question 18

Where did settlements appear during the New Stone Age?

Answer 18

In/around the Fertile Crescent.

Question 19

What did rivers provide to early civilizations?

Answer 19

Water, rich soil, and protection from invasion.

Question 20

What are the main civilizations to know?

Answer 20

Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indian, and Chinese civilizations.

Question 21

What rivers are associated with Mesopotamia?

Answer 21

Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Question 22

What river is associated with Egypt?

Answer 22

Nile River.

Question 23

What rivers are associated with Indian civilization?

Answer 23

Indus and Ganges rivers.

Question 24

What rivers are associated with Chinese civilization?

Answer 24

Huang He and Yangtze rivers.

Question 25

When did these civilizations develop?

Answer 25

Between 3500 and 500 BCE.

Question 26

Where did the Hebrews settle?

Answer 26

Near the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea.

Question 27

Where did the Phoenicians settle?

Answer 27

Near the Mediterranean, part of the Fertile Crescent.

Question 28

Where is Nubia located?

Answer 28

Southern part of the Nile River in Africa.

Question 29

What is the Fertile Crescent?

Answer 29

An area in/around Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 30

What are the 'Cradles of Civilization'?

Answer 30

Civilizations that developed in or near the Fertile Crescent.

Question 31

What social structure was common in early civilizations?

Answer 31

Hereditary rulers such as kings or pharaohs.

Question 32

What political developments occurred in early civilizations?

Answer 32

First city-states developed, later kingdoms and empires.

Question 33

What type of government was common in early civilizations?

Answer 33

Centralized government based on religion.

Question 34

What are some early written law codes?

Answer 34

The 10 Commandments and Hammurabi’s Code.

Question 35

What was the common religious belief in most early civilizations?

Answer 35

Polytheism (belief in many gods).

Question 36

What religion was practiced by the Hebrews?

Answer 36

Monotheism.

Question 37

What economic advancements occurred in early civilizations?

Answer 37

Use of metal tools and weapons, better agricultural tools, and increased trade along rivers.

Question 38

Who is considered the father of the Hebrews?

Answer 38

Abraham.

Question 39

What did Moses bring to the Hebrews?

Answer 39

God’s message and the 10 Commandments.

Question 40

What is the Torah?

Answer 40

The Jewish holy book.

Question 41

What is the most sacred site for Judaism?

Answer 41

Jerusalem.

Question 42

What were the first forms of writing?

Answer 42

Pictograms, hieroglyphics, cuneiform, and the alphabet.

Question 43

What was significant about the Persian Empire?

Answer 43

It created the largest land empire in the world at that time.

Question 44

What was a key belief of Zoroastrianism?

Answer 44

Two opposing forces in the universe are constantly in conflict.

Question 45

Where did the Indus Civilization begin?

Answer 45

Near the Indus River in India.

Question 46

What geographical features protected the Indus Civilization?

Answer 46

Indian Ocean, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush mountains.

Question 47

What were the first city-states in the Indus Civilization?

Answer 47

Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.

Question 48

Who came after the Indus Civilization collapsed?

Answer 48

Indo-Aryans.

Question 49

What system did the Aryans bring with them?

Answer 49

The caste system.

Question 50

What was the first unified political empire in India?

Answer 50

The Mauryan Empire.

Question 51

What were some contributions of the Mauryan Empire?

Answer 51

Spreading Buddhism, creating free hospitals, vet clinics, and advanced roads.

Question 52

What is known as the 'Golden Age of India'?

Answer 52

The Gupta Empire.

Question 53

What significant developments occurred during the Gupta Empire?

Answer 53

Concept of zero, medical advances, astronomy, new textiles, and literature.

Question 54

What are the main beliefs of Hinduism?

Answer 54

Many forms of one God, reincarnation, and karma.

Question 55

What are the sacred writings of Hinduism?

Answer 55

Vedas and Upanishads.

Question 56

How did Buddhism develop?

Answer 56

By Siddhartha Gautama in India.

Question 57

What do Buddhists follow as guidelines?

Answer 57

The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.

Question 58

What river was classical Chinese civilization centered around?

Answer 58

Huang He (Yellow) River.

Question 59

What was the system of leadership in classical China?

Answer 59

A dynasty chosen by the Mandate of Heaven.

Question 60

What was the main trading route in ancient China?

Answer 60

The Silk Road.

Question 61

What were some contributions of classical China?

Answer 61

Civil Service system, paper, porcelain, and silk.

Question 62

What is Confucianism?

Answer 62

A main religion in China that believes all humans are good.

Question 63

What does Taoism emphasize?

Answer 63

Humility, simple life, inner peace, and harmony with nature.

Question 64

What symbol represents opposites in Taoism?

Answer 64

Yin and yang.