solids and liquids

Question 1

density

Answer 1

mass/volume

Question 2

increased temp, ___ density

Answer 2

decreases

Question 3

stronger forces = ___ density at same temp

Answer 3

higher

Question 4

surface tension

Answer 4

force on liquid surface opposing expansion of the surface area

Question 5

liquids tend to ___ surface area

Answer 5

minimize

Question 6

surface tension ___ with increasing temp

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

cohesive forces

Answer 7

attraction of molecules to similar molecules

Question 8

adhesive forces

Answer 8

attraction of molecule to different molecules

Question 9

viscosity

Answer 9

measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow

Question 10

viscosity ____ as temperature is increased

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

vapor pressure is controlled by

Answer 11

attractive forces, temperature, surface area

Question 12

Heat of vaporization

Answer 12

energy required for a certain amount of substance to evaporate

Question 13

boiling point

Answer 13

temperature at which liquid will begin to boil at atmospheric pressure

Question 14

distillation

Answer 14

process whereby liquid is converted to vapor by boiling and condensed back to liquid by cooling

Question 15

phase change

Answer 15

changing from one phase of matter to another

Question 16

phase change determined by

Answer 16

-availability of energy
-forces holding molecules together

Question 17

supercooling

Answer 17

liquid that remains in the liquid state even after being cooled below freezing point

Question 18

superheating

Answer 18

liquid rapidly heated so it does not boil immediately

Question 19

solubility

Answer 19

depends in relative strength of solute-solute interactions compared to solute solute or solvent solvent

Question 20

ion-ion interaction

Answer 20

Interactive force between ions of opposite charge that results in an ionic bond

Question 21

At lower temperatures gas dissolved in
water has ____ kinetic energy, and dipole-
induced dipole interactions between
solute and solvent molecules keep more
gas dissolved.

Answer 21

less

Question 22

At higher temperatures molecules have ______ kinetic energy, which overcomes
solute–solvent interactions and reduces
solubility.

Answer 22

more

Question 23

The solubility of a gas in a liquid depends
on the _____ ______ of the gas in the air
above the surface of the liquid.

Answer 23

partial pressure

Question 24

The amount of gas that dissolves in a
liquid depends on the ____ and
_______ of collisions that the gas
molecules have with the surface of the
liquid.

Answer 24

frequency; number

Question 25

The more collisions, the more gas molecules that may form intermolecular attractions with the _____.

Answer 25

solvent

Question 26

Colligative Properties of Solutions

Answer 26

Solution properties that depend on concentration of solute particles, not the identity of particles.

Question 27

Vapor Pressure

Answer 27

pressure of molecules above solution when equilibrium reached between evaporation and condensation

Question 28

volatile

Answer 28

easily evaporated at normal temperatures.

Question 29

when nonvolatile solute is dissolved in solvent, vapor pressure is ___

Answer 29

decreased

Question 30

solute is nonvolatile

Answer 30

only solvent molecules at surface will be able to escape

Question 31

raoult's law

Answer 31

Vapor pressure (P) of volatile component of solution = product of mole fraction (X) and vapor pressure of pure compound (P°) at same temp.

Question 32

Only ____ ______follow Raoult’s Law quantitatively

Answer 32

ideal solutions

Question 33

for mixtures containing more than one volatile component

Answer 33

Partial pressure of each volatile component contributes to total vapor pressure of solution.

Question 34

fractional distillation

Answer 34

Method of separating a mixture of compounds based on their different boiling points

Question 35

solutions are _____

Answer 35

homogeneous

Question 36

suspensions are ____

Answer 36

heterogenous

Question 37

colloidal dispersions are ____

Answer 37

heterogenous